Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics (BP604TT)
Chapter 1 ABSORPTION
1. The process by which molecules diffuse from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration and no external energy is expended is called
a. Passive diffusion
b. Active transport
c. Pore transport
d. Facilitation diffusion
Answer: a
2. Which law states that ‘the rate of diffusion is proportional to both the surface area and concentration difference and is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane’?
a. Fick’s Law
b. Avagadro’s Law
c. Hooke’s Law
d. Pascal’s Law
Answer: a
3. Which of the following is a not mechanism of drug absorption through GIT
a. Pore transport
b. Active transport
c. Endocytosis
d. Metastasis
Answer: d
4. The process of engulfing of particulate material is called
a. Pinocytosis c. Convective transport
b. Phagocytosis d. Facilitated diffusion
Answer: b
5. Which of the following process is also called “cell drinking”?
a. Pinocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Convective transport
d. Active transport
Answer: a
6. The absorption of drugs like (quaternary ammonium compounds, sulphonic acid) are explained by
a. Ion pair transport
b. convective transport
c. active transport
d. Facilitated diffusion
Answer: a
7. Fick’s law is used for study of
a. Dissolution rate
b. Disintegration rate
c. Dissociation rate
d. Diffusion rate
Answer: d
8. The delivery of a drug through the skin is known as
a. Sublingual
b. Transdermal
c. Inhalation
d. Buccal
Answer: b
9. Which route of drug administration shows 100% Bioavailability?
a. Oral
b. Intravenous
c. Rectal
d. Topical
Answer: b
10. If drug administered by Intravenous route appears in feaces, it implies that the drug
a. Undergo first pass metabolism
b. Undergoes enterohepatic recycling
c. It is not completely absorbed
d. It is not completely metabolized
Answer: b
11. Which of the following is characteristic of the oral route?
a. Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
b. Fast onset of effect
c. A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d. The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
Answer: a
12. When the active transport system become saturated, the rate process become
a. Zero order c. Pseudo first order
b. Second order d. Pseudo zero order
Answer: a
13. Rate of absorption of drug by passive diffusion is maximum in
a. Small intestine
b. Large intestine
c. Stomach
d. Oesphagus
Answer: a
14. Maximum movement of drug across the membrane occurs by
a. Completely ionised
b. Unionised
c. Partially ionised
d. None of them
Answer: b
15. If drug has pKa value of 3 then at pH value of 7 what would be the degree of ionisation of the drug?
a. Majority portion would be ionised
b. Majority portion would be unionised
c. Approximately 50% would be ionised and 50% unionised
d. None of the above
Answer: a
16. Which of the following is not the characteristic of the carrier mediated transport system?
a. Energy dependent
b. Reach equilibrium
c. Metabolically inhibited
d. Structurally specific and saturable
Answer: b
17. Which of the following is alimentary route of administration when passage of drug through liver is minimized?
a. Oral
b. Transdermal
c. Rectal
d. Intraduodenal
Answer: c
18. ………………is the process of movement of unchanged drug from the site of administration to the systemic circulation.
a) Absorption
b) Dissolution
c) Distribution
d) Elimination
Answer: a
19. Energy is utilized in ………………… diffusion mechanism.
a) Passive
b) Active
c) Pore
d) Cellular
Answer: b
20. ……………… involves the engulfment of small molecules or fluid.
a) Endocytosis
b) Pinocytosis
c) Phagocytosis
d) None of the above
Answer: b
21. Pore transport also well-known as………………..
a) Cellular transport
b) Active transport
c) Core transport
d convective transport
Answer: d
22. The concentration of drug in blood or plasma will be comparatively in the GI tract.
a) High
b) Low
c) Very High
d) Very Low
Answer: a
23. …………….mechanism is useful to describe charged or highly ionized drug molecules.
a) Ion-pair transport
b) Cellular transport
c) Active transport
d) Passive transport
Answer: a
24. To avoid bioavailability issues, the drug must have a minimum aqueous solubility of
a) 150%
b) 10%
c) 100%
d) 1%
Answer: d
25. When the solvent molecules are entrapped in the crystalline structure of the polymorph, it is called as
a) Pseudo-polymorphism
b) Amorphism
c) Crystallinity
d) All of the above
Answer: a
26. The occurrence of food in the GI tract can affect the drug bioavailability from an oral drug product. The above give statement is?
a) True
b) False
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
Answer: a
27. The order of dissolution and absorption for different solid dosage forms is-
a) Stable > Amorphous > meta-stable
b) Amorphous > meta-stable > stable
c) Meta-stable > stable > Amorphous
d) None of the above
Answer: b
28. According to pH partition theory, a weak acidic drug will most likely be absorbed from the stomach because the drug which exists primarily in the………….
(a) un-ionised, more lipid soluble form
(b) ionised, more water soluble form
(c) form of weak acid and more soluble in acid media
(d) ionic form of the drug which facilitates diffusion
Answer: a
29. Noyes and Whitney equation is used to describe____________
- (a) Absorption
- (b) Dissolution
- (c) Distribution
- (d) Disintegration
Answer: b
33. Which form of drug shows rapid dissolution Rate?
- (a) Crystalline
- (b) Amorphous
- (c) Hydrate
- (d) None of the above
Answer: b
31. Which of the following forms inclusion complex and improves aqueous solubility and dissolution rate?
- (a) Cyclodextrins
- (b) PEG
- (c) PVT
- (d) Poloxamer
Answer: a
32. Drugs undergoing first pass metabolism are advised not to be administered through
- (a) Oral route
- (b) Rectal route
- (c) Parenteral route
- (d) Transdermal route
Answer: a
33. Amorphous forms of drugs are
(a) less soluble than crystal forms
(b) more soluble than crystal forms
(c) also called solvates
(d) practically insoluble
Answer: b
34. When the solvent in association with the drug is water, the solvate is known as
- (a) anhydrate
- (b) amorphous
- (c) hydrate
- (d) none of the above
Answer: c
35. ………….is used to study gastric emptying.
- (a) Barium sulphate
- (b) Aluminum sulphate
- (c) Calcium sulphate
- (d) Aluminum hydroxide
Answer: a
36. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
(a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
(b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
(c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
(d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
Answer: d
37. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
- (a) Oral
- (b) Transdermal
- (c) Rectal
- (d) Intraduodenal
Answer: c
38. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
- (a) Sublingual
- (b) Oral
- (d) Intramuscular
- (c) Intravenous
Answer: b
39. What is characteristic of the oral route?
(a) Fast onset of effect
(b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
(c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
(d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
Answer: b
40. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
(a) Pretty fast absorption
(b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
(c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
(d) A drug can be administered in a variety of doses
Answer: a
41. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
- (a) Rectal
- (b) Oral
- (c) Sublingual
- (d) Inhalation
Answer: d
42. Parenteral administration:
(a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
(b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
(c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
(d) Is too slow for emergency use
Answer: c
43. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
(a) Only water solutions can be injected
(b) Oily solutions can be injected
(c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
(d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
Answer: b
44. All are characteristics of passive diffusion except
(a) Drugs moves down the concentration gradient.
(b) It is an energy independent process
(c) Drugs moves up the concentration gradient.
(d) It is non saturable process
Answer: c
45. Passive diffusion is expressed by
- (a) Fick’s first law of diffusion
- (b) Fick’s second law of diffusion
- (c) First order kinetics
- (d) zero order kinetics
Answer: a
46. Aqueous filled pores present in cell membrane responsible for absorption of
- (a) water insoluble molecules
- (b) water soluble molecules
- (c) both (a) and (b)
- (d) None of the above
Answer: b
47. What kind of substances cannot permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
(a) Lipid-soluble
(b) Non-ionized substances
(c) Hydrophobic substances
(d) Hydrophilic substances
Answer: d
48. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
(a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
(b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
(c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
(d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
Answer: a
49. What is implied by active transport?
(a) Transport of drugs through a membrane by means of diffusion
(b) Transport without energy consumption
(c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
(d) Transport against concentration gradient
Answer: d
50. The rate of diffusion of drug across biological membrane is
(a) Directly proportional to the concentration gradients
(b) Dependant on route of administration
(c) Indirectly proportional to membrane thickness
(d) None of the above
Answer: a
