Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics (BP604TT)
Chapter 4 Excretion of drugs
36. Drugs undergoing first pass metabolism are advised not to be administered through
- (a) Rectal
- (b) Oral
- (c) Transdermal
- (d) Parenteral
Answer: b
37. ………..is defined as volume of blood or plasma from drug is removed in unit time
- (a) half life
- (b) clearance
- (c) volume of distribution
- (d) biotransformation
Answer: b
38. Tubular reabsorption is achieved by……………
- (a) active process
- (b) passive process
- (c) Both (a) & (b)
- (d) none of the above
Answer: c
39. Below mentioned all factors increases plasma elimination half life except
(a) Higher protein binding
(b) Higher tissue binding
(c) Higher apparent Vd
(d) Higher ratio renal / hepatic clearance
Answer: d
40. Hepatic excretion of drug with high extraction ratio is altered by
- (a) Protein binding
- (b) Blood flow
- (c) both (a) & (b)
- (d) None of the above
Answer: b
41. The phenomenon of decreased drug metabolizing ability of the enzymes by drugs is known as ……………
- (a) enzyme induction
- (b) enzyme inhibition
- (c) both (a) & (b)
- (d) None of the above
Answer: b
42. Active tubular reabsorption of drug depends on………………
- (a) pH of urine
- (b) urine flow rate
- (c) pKa of drug
- (d) all of the above
Answer: d
43. Which of the following is not a factor of renal excretion?
a) Blood flow to the kidneys
b) Urine pH
c) Blood pH
d) Disease state
Answer: c
44. Which of the following is not a physicochemical factor of drug that can affect the renal excretion?
a) Molecular size
b) Disintegration rate
c) pKa of the drug
d) Lipid solubility
Answer: b
45. Drugs of molecular range 300-500 Dalton will be excreted out by glomerulus.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
46. Clearance is inversely related to volume of distribution.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
47. Which drugs cannot be filtered through glomerulus?
a) Drugs bound to plasma proteins
b) Unbound
c) Free drug
d) Below molecular weight of 300 Dalton
Answer: a
48. Which one is the correct equation to calculate fraction of unbound drug in plasma?
a) Concentration of unbound drug in plasma / total plasma concentration of drug
b) Total plasma concentration of drug / Concentration of unbound drug in plasma
c) 1/Concentration of unbound drug in plasma
d) 1/total plasma concentration of drug
Answer: a
49. What is total systemic clearance?
a) Sum of clearance from kidney
b) Sum of clearance from kidney and liver
c) Sum of clearance form non-renal clearances
d) Sum of renal and non-renal clearances
Answer: d
50. What is the equation for clearance?
a) Elimination rate / plasma drug concentration
b) Plasma drug concentration/elimination rate
c) 1 / Plasma drug concentration
d) 1 / Elimination rate
Answer: a
51. What will be the elimination rate if the clearance is 130ml/min and drug concentration is 0.8 g/ml?
a) 104g/min
b) 140g/min
c) 130g/min
d) 100g/min
Answer: a
52. What will be the renal clearance if the rate of urinary excretion is 625 ml/min and plasma drug concentration is 4.2 ng/ml?
a) 148.80ml 2/ng min
b) 150ml 2/ng min
c) 152ml 2/ng min
d) 140ml 2/ng min
Answer: a
53. How renal clearance ratio is expressed?
a) Renal clearance of creatinine / renal clearance of the drug
b) 1/renal clearance of the drug
c) Renal clearance of drug/ renal clearance of creatinine
d) 1/renal clearance of creatinine
Answer: c
54. What will be the renal clearance ratio of a drug whose renal clearance is 40ml/min and the clearance of creatinine is 95ml/min?
a) 0.421
b) 2.38
c) 0.010
d) 0.025
Answer: a
55. How do you calculate the rate of excretion by kidneys?
a) Rate of filtration – the rate of secretion – Rate of absorption
b) Rate of filtration + rate of secretion – Rate of absorption
c) Rate of filtration + rate of secretion + Rate of absorption
d) Rate of filtration – the rate of secretion + Rate of absorption
Answer: b
56. What will be the rate of filtration if the rate of secretion is 0.9 ml/ sec, rate of reabsorption is 0.2 ml/sec and the rate of excretion is 2ml/sec for a particular drug?
a) 3ml/sec
b) 0.3ml/sec
c) 1ml/sec
d) 1.3ml/sec
Answer: d
57. Which one of the following is the principal organ for drug excretion?
a) Lungs
b) Liver
c) Kidneys
d) Sweat glands
Answer: c
58. Compounds excreted in bile is classified into 3 categories. Which one of the following does not come under the categories?
a) Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio approximately 1
b) Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio between 10-1000
c) Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio of less than 1
d) Drugs with bile/plasma concentration ratio above 1000
Answer: d
59. What is the molecular weight cut off for biliary excretion?
a) Less than 300 Dalton
b) More than 300 Dalton
c) Less than 200 Dalton
d) More than 200 Dalton
Answer: b
60. What is the equation for biliary clearance?
a) No such equation is there
b) Biliary excretion rate/ plasma drug concentration
c) Plasma drug concentration / biliary excretion rate
d) Plasma drug concentration / Bile flow * biliary drug concentration
Answer: b
61. For a certain drug, the bile flow rate is 0.7 ml/mm, the biliary drug concentration is 2g/ml and the plasma drug concentration is 0.8g/ml. What will be the bile clearance?
a) 1.50 ml/mm
b) 1.75 ml/mm
c) 2.75 ml/mm
d) 3 ml/mm
Answer: b
62. Which compounds are excreted through the lungs?
a) Lipophilic
b) Gaseous
c) Liquid and hydrophilic
d) Solid less than 100 Dalton
Answer: b
63. What is the pH of the milk secreted by human mothers?
a) 6.4-7.6
b) 5.4-6.6
c) 7-8
d) 6-7
Answer: a
64. What is the mechanism of drug excretion for skin excretion?
a) Active secretion
b) Glomerular secretion
c) Passive diffusion
d) Passive reabsorption
Answer: c
65. What is the mechanism of drug excretion for biliary excretion?
a) Active secretion
b) Glomerular secretion
c) Passive diffusion
d) Passive reabsorption
Answer: a
66. Which of the following is not a factor influencing pulmonary excretion?
a) Pulmonary blood flow
b) The solubility of volatile substance
c) Rate of respiration
d) Heart rate
Answer: d
67. How is renal clearance expressed mathematically?
a) Rate of urinary excretion/plasma drug concentration
b) Plasma drug concentration/rate of urinary excretion
c) 1/ Plasma drug concentration
d) 1/rate of urinary excretion
Answer: a
68. What is the driving force for glomerular filtration?
a) Concentration gradient
b) Hydrostatic pressure of plasma
c) High amount of aqueous pores
d) Hydrostatic pressure of blood flow
Answer: d
69. Which of the following compounds are used as agents to determine Glomerular Filtration Rate?
a) Calcium ion
b) Albumin
c) Creatinine
d) Calcium carbonate
Answer: c
70. The rate of urine flow influences the extent of reabsorption.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
