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Nervous system MCQs with Answers

Nervous system

1 Branched nerve fibers that convey impulses toward the cell body of a neuron are called
a. axons
b. dendrites
c. axon collaterals
d. axon terminals

2 Myelin sheaths on the outsides of many axons are contributed by
a. the axon itself
b. secretory vesicles
c. Schwann cells
d. the cell bodies of the neuron

3 A neuron with many nerve fibers arising from its cell body and that carries impulses away from the brain would be classified as
a. multipolar
b. bipolar
c. unipolar and sensory
d. multipolar and motor

4 Which types of neurons are likely to increase muscular activities?
a. accelerator neurons
b. inhibitory neurons
c. bipolar neurons
d. sensory neurons

5 The _______________ are the types of neuroglial cells that provide myelin in the central nervous system.
a. astrocytes
b. oligodendrocytes
c. microglia

d. ependyma

6 Which type of neuroglial cells help regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid?
a. astrocytes
b. oligodendrocytes
c. microglia
d. ependyma

7 Cut neurons possess limited capabilities for regeneration. The
type of neuroglial cell that aids regeneration by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection is the
a. Schwann cell
b. astrocyte
c. microglial cell
d. ependymal cell

8 At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a
neuron is such that __________ ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while __________ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.
a. potassium; sodium
b. sodium; potassium
c. calcium; phosphate
d. sulfate; potassium

9 In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say the membrane is
a. hyperpolarized
b. depolarized
c. unpolarized
d. polarized

10 When a neuron reaches action potential, it depolarizes and repolarizes in an amount of time on the order of
a. seconds
b. milliseconds
c. microseconds
d. nanoseconds

11 Select the incorrect statement about nerve impulse conduction.
a. Saltatory conduction involves Schwann cells and occurs at greater speed than on unmyelinated fibers.
b. Nerve impulses occur in an all-or-none manner.
c. The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute
refractory period.
d. The strength of impulses carried along a single nerve fiber can vary with the strength of their stimulus.

12 Excessive sleeping is most likely due to the presence of too much of which neurotransmitter?
a. GABA
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. dopamine

13 Myasthenia gravis reflects a deficiency in communication by _______________ because receptors for this neurotransmitter have been destroyed.
a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. GABA
d. dopamine

14 The levels of which neurotransmitter are affected by the mood- elevator, cocaine?
a. serotonin
b. GABA
c. norepinephrine
d. acetylcholine

15 Fibers that originate from different parts of the nervous system and lead to the same neuron are exhibiting
a. facilitation
b. convergence
c. divergence
d. neuromodulation

16 Which term does not belong with the others?
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. CNS
d. spinal nerve

17 Which items should not be grouped together?
a. spinal nerve
b. cranial nerve
c. spinal cord
d. PNS

18 The cells that conduct messages towards the brain are the:
a. motor neurons
b. sensory neurons
c. interneurons
d. neuroglia

19 Nerves impulses always travel to the brain through _____
fibers.
a. neuron
b. dendrite
c. nerve
d. axon

20 The myelin sheath around a neuron is actually produced by the:
a. neuron
b. axon
c. dendrite
d. Schwann cell

21 Which of these cells does not belong with the others?
a. microglia
b. neuron
c. astrocyte
d. oligodendroglia

22 The _____ cells are capable of removing a blood clot from the brain.
a. astrocyte
b. oligodendrocyte
c. microglia
d. ependymal

23 Which of these is true when a neuron is at rest?
a. the outside is positive
b. the outside is negative
c. there is no voltage
d. the inside is positive

24 The most common neurotransmitter in the body is
a. serotonin
b. dopamine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine

25 ___________ is the outermost meninges, and forms supportive and protective partitions between some portions of the brain.
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. pia mater
d. denticulate mater

26 In which portion of the spinal cord the interneurons lie?
a. cervical enlargement
b. lumbar enlargement
c. gray matter
d. white matter

27 Which tract would be most likely to carry sensory impulses from the skin and joints to the brain?
a. fasciculus gracilis
b. corticospinal tracts
c. reticulospinal tracts
d. rubrospinal tracts

28 The following statements all regard reflexes. Choose the statement that is incorrect.
a. Reflexes are automatic, subconscious responses.
b. Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arc through the spinal cord.
c. The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.
d. Sometimes reflexes are carried out properly because of reciprocal innervation.

29 The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brain?
a. cerebrum and basal ganglia
b. diencephalon
c. midbrain
d. cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

30 The portion of the brain involved in understanding speech and using words is located in the ____________ of the cerebrum.
a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. occipital lobe
d. temporal lobe

31 When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of the cerebrum is involved?
a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. occipital lobe
d. temporal lobe

32 Elderly nursing home residents are often called by their first names, rather than by their last names. Why is this the case?
a. Nursing homes are friendly places and residents like to be on
a first-name basis with their caretakers.
b. First names are easier for caretakers to remember.
c. First names are stored in the residents’ long-term memories and are remembered while last names are less likely recalled.
d. Elderly residents often remarry and change their last names; calling them by first names avoids confusion.

33 The _________________ is a portion of the brain that maintains
homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous
systems together.
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. infundibulum
d. mammillary body

34 Which these nuclei are not located entirely within the medulla
oblongata?
a. cardiac center
b. vasomotor center
c. respiratory center
d. reticular formation

35 What kind of peripheral nerve fiber carries motor impulses
outward to smooth muscles and glands of internal organs?
a. general somatic efferent fibers
b. general visceral efferent fibers
c. general somatic afferent fibers
d. general visceral afferent fibers

36 Which pair of cranial nerves are mixed nerves that supply the chest and abdomen with autonomic nerves?
a. trigeminal nerves
b. accessory nerves
c. vagus nerves
d. hypoglossal nerves

37 The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by each of these except which one?
a. Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
b. Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs.
c. Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers
are not.
d. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.

38 Partial or complete inability to coordinate voluntary movements is also referred to as ___________.
a. aphasia
b. ataxia
c. apraxia
d. neuralgia

39 Which structures would not be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?
a. skeletal muscle
b. glands
c. smooth muscle
d. cardiac muscle

40 The cell body of all sensory neurons is located within the:
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. dorsal root ganglion
d. dorsal gray horn

41 What is the last region of a typical reflex arc?
a. dorsal horn
b. ventral root
c. ventral horn
d. dorsal root ganglion

42 Parkinson disease tremors are the result of which condition?
a. dopamine excess
b. norepinephrine deficiency
c. epinephrine excess
d. dopamine deficiency

43 The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the
a. interventricular foramen
b. cerebral aqueduct
c. foramen of Monro
d. hypothalamus

44 The vital centers are located within the _____ area of the brain.
a. hypothalamus
b. cerebral cortex
c. pons
d. medulla

45 Which brain area acts to regulate body temperature?
a. thalamus
b. cerebrum
c. hypothalamus
d. cerebellum

46 Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data?
a. cerebral cortex
b. medulla
c. cerebellum
d. thalamus

47 Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area?
a. limbic system
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. cerebrum

48 Which brain area coordinates skeletal muscle movements?
a. cerebrum
b. cerebellum
c. medulla
d. hypothalamus

49 The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _____.
a. longitudinal fissure
b. cortex
c. corpus callosum
d. brain stem