Description
All Drugs - Chem - Uses 2
ALL DRUGS: USES, CONSTITUENTSAugust 14, 2009
S.NoName Constituents Uses
17Tobacco Pyridine-piperidine type of alkaloids – Nicotine**, Stimulant effects on heart and nervous system.
Nornicotine, Anabasine Powerful quick acting poison. 40mg is fatal.
Rectified seed oil is edible. Used in manufacture
of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Insecticide.
18Lobelia Lobeline, Lobelanine, Lobelanidine, isolobelanine Treatment of asthma, bronchial asthma, chronic
Pungent volatile oil, resin, gum, fixed oil bronchitis, respiratory stimulant
Lobeline ≡ nicotine physiologically
19Belladona **l-hyoscyamine and its racemic form of atropine Parasympatholytic drug with anticholinergic
Belladonine, scopoletin(l- methyl aseculetin), hyoscine,properties.
pyridine and N-methyl pyrroline. Reduces sweat, saliva, gastric juice secretions
Antidote in opium and chloral hydrate poisoning
20Datura **Hyoscine (scopolamine) Hyoscine – parasympatholytic with
l-hyoscyamine (scopoline) and atropine anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.
Cerebral excitement.
Treatment of asthma and cough
Motion sickness, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer.
21Hyoscyamus 75% hyoscyamine. Atropine and hyoscine - % more Counteracts Gripping – purgative
in petiole Sedative, expectorant, antispasmodic,
(-)hyoscyamine – ester of tropic aci and tropine antiasthamtic
22Coca Tropane esters – tropane derived alkaloids Local anaesthetic
Cocaine (methyl benzoyl ecgonine), cinnamyl cocaine Stimulant, restorative and also in convulsions.
(methyl cinnamoylecgonine), α-truxilline (methyl – α – Reduces sedatice and respiratory depressant
truxilloylecgonine), tropcaine, benzoyltropine, effects of morphone and allied drugs – CNS
dihydroxytropane, benzoylecgonine. stimulant properties.
23Aswagandha Alkaloidal and steroidal saponins - **Withananine Sedative and hypnotic effects, hypotensive,
Somniferine, somnine, somniferinine, withananine, repiratory stimulant actions with bradycardia,
pseudowithanine, tropine, pseudotropine, immunoregulatory agent.
3-α-gloyloxytropane, choline, cuscohygrine, Treatment of rhuematism, gout, hypertension,
isopelletierine, anaferine and anahydrine nervine and skin diseases.
Sex stimulant - rejuvinator
24Cinchona 25 alkaloids. Antimalarial in nature.
**Quinine, cinchonine and cinchonidine Quinine – protoplasmic poison – antimalarial
Quinicine, cinchonicine hydroquinine, drug
hydrocinchonidine and homocinchonidine, quinidine Quinidine – cardiac depressant – arrhythmias
Glycoside: quinovin and tachycardia.
25Ipecac Isoquinoline alkaloids which belong to phenolic and Expectorant – small doses, emetic – higher doses
non-phenolic groups. Emetine HCl – antiprotozoal – treatment of
Emetine, o-methyl psychotrine – non phenolic amoebic dyssentry.
Cephaeline, psychotrine and emetamine – phenolic Emetine – antitumor properties.
Minor||ipecacuanhic acid, glycoside ipecacuanhin,
starch and Ca-oxalate
26Opium Latex contains – alkaloids from phenylalanine, Hypnotic sedative and analgesic in which the
tyrosine. Chemically they’re placed under action is mainly due to morphine. Morphine –
benzylisoquinoline (narcotine/noscapine, narceine, potent analgesic, biphasic action on CNS –
papaverine) and phenanthrene (morphine, codeine sedation of cerebrum, stimulation and sedation
and thebaine) types. on the medulla
Minor || protopine and hydrocotarnine etc Produces respiratory depression and
constipation.
27Ergot Large number of potent indole alkaloids. 6 pairs Ergotamine tartrate– specific analgesic in
(Water soluble, water insoluble). treatment of migraine.
(Laevoform*active*-Dextroform*inert*) Erometrine maleate – enhance labor pains
Ergometrine – ergometrinine
Ergotamine – ergotaminine
Ergosine - ergosinine
Ergocristine - ergocristinine
Ergocryptine - ergocryptinine
Ergocornine - ergocorninine
28Rauwolfia 30 indole alkaloids. 0.7 to 3% Antihypertensive in activity. (causes mental
i) Indole alkaloids depression in higher doses)
ii) Indoline alkaloids Reserpine lowers BP, prevents re-uptake of
nor-epinephrine at storage sites, allowing
iii) Indolenine alkaloids
enzymatic destruction of neurohumoral
iv) Oxyindole alkaloids transmitter
v) Pseudoindoxyl alkaloids Rauwolfia, reserpine, rescinnamine and
**Reserpine || Oleo-resin, phytosterol, fatty acids, ajmalicine are clinically important.
alcohol and sugars. Deserpidine – antihypertensive, tranquilliser
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Other alkaloids: Ajmaline, Ajmalicine, rauwolfinine, Ajmalicine – treatment of circulatory diseases, in
rescinnamine, reserpinine, yohimbine, serpentine and relief of obstruction of normal blood flow
serpentinine
29Vinca Large number of indole alkaloids. Vincristine sulphate – antineoplastic agent, I.V.-
20 dimeric indole-dihydroindole alkaloids with treatment of acute leukemia of children
oncolytic activity Vinblastine sulphate – antineoplastic agent,
** Vincristine, vinblastine || ajmalicine, lochnerine, supresses immune response, treatment of
serpentine and tetrahydroalstonine hodgkins disease and other lymphomonas and
Vinblastine à catharanthine (indole) + vindolin choriocarcinoma.
(dihydroindole) Vinca-hypotensive and antidiabetic actions.
30Nux-vomica 1.5 – 5% if bitter indole alkaloids Bitter stomachic and tonic. CNS stimulant,
Strychnine, brucine. Vomicine, α-colubrine, increases BP, Respiratory stimulant
pseudostrychnine Brucine – denaturing alcohol and inedible fats as
Minor: isostrychnine, N-oxystrychnine, a standard for bitterness and as dog poison
protostrychnine,
β-colubrine and novacine
Glycoside: loganin, chlorogenic acid and fixed oil
31Pilocarpus Imidazole alkaoids - **pilocarpine Pilocarpine HCl – physiological antagonist of
Isopilocarpine, pilocarpidine, pilosine, atropine
pseudopilocarpine and isopilosine. Treatment of glaucoma.
Volatile oil – monoterpenes – limonene, α-pinene,
sabinene and sespquiterpenes.
32Kurchi Conessine (kurchicine), norconessine, isoconessine, Coessine – Antiprotozoal – chronic amoebiasis
dioxyconessine, conessimine, holarrhimine and
holarrhidine.
33Ephedra Amino alkaloids. – ephedrine, nor-ephidrine, Sympathomimetic effects – bronchodilator in
n-methyl ephedrine, pseudo-ephedrine. asthma and also in treatment of allergic
conditions like hay fever.
Ephedrines - Hypotensive effects
34Colchicum 0.2 – 1% of amino alkaloids – colchicine**, Colchicine: specific: Treatment of gout and
Demecolcine rheumatism, antitumor activity.
both alkaloids contain tropolone/cycloheptatrein- Chemical agent to bring polyploidy.
ol-one.
35Solanum
36Coffee Caffeine, tannin, fixed oil and proteins Source of caffeine. Stimulant, diuretic action,
Chlorogenic/caffeotannic acid combat toxic effects due to CNS depressant
Minor – phenol, pyridine and valerianic acid. drugs.
37Tea Caffeine (1-3%), theobromine, gallotannic acid (15%)CNS stimulant, bevarage, diuretic.
38Gambir Catechins (7-33%), catechutannic acid(22-50%), Astringent, treatment in diarrhoea.
catechu red. Dyeing and tanning industry
Quercitin and gambier fluorescin
39Black 10% acacatechin (acacia catechin) – disteroisomer of Astringent, for boils, skin eruptions etc, cough,
catechu 5,7,3’,4’ tetra hydroxy flavan-3-ols. diarrhoea.
Acacatechin à (h2o )(ox) catechutannic acid Cooling and digestive properties.
Catechu red, quercetin, gum, quercetrin Dyeing, protective agent for fishing nets.
** - no cholorophyll and fluorescin
40Myrobalan Pyrogallol type tannins, which on hydrolysis yield Astringent, laxative, stomachic and tonic
chebulic acid and d-galloyl glucose. Chebulagic,
chebulinic, ellagic and gallic acids are the other
contents of myrobalan.
41Arjuna **Triterpenoid saponin, arjunolic acid, arjunic acid, Cardiotonic, styptic, febrifugel, antidysenteric
arjunogenin. Diuretic and tonic properties
*Î’-sitosterol, ellagic acid and arjunic acid.
Crystallisable compounds: arjunine, arjunetine.
Flavonoids: Arjunetin, arjunolone and arjunone
42Benzoin Sumatra benzoin – free balsamic acids (benzoic and Irritating expectorant, carminative, diuretic
cinnamic acids) and esters derived from them. Antiseptic – protective
Triterpenoid acids such as summaresinolic & Treatment of upper respiratory tract infection.
siaresinolic acids. Major: ester coniferyl benzoate. Mask the taste in pharmaceutical preparations
Styrol, vanillin and phenyl propyl cinnamate.
Siam benzoin – insufficient cinnamic acid
43Asafoetida Asaresinotannol in free/combined form with ferulic Carminative, nervine stimulant/intestinal
acid. flatulence, flavoring agent for curries.
Free umbelliferone is absent (Ferulic acid is treated
with HCl to give umbellic acid, looses water to give
umbelliferic acid)
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44Balsam of 12% to 16% free cinnamic acid, about 8% of free Expectorant, flavoring agent, antiseptic
tolu benzoic acid, 7.6% of oily liquid (cinnamicin) Common ingredient of cough mixtures.
containing benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate. Preparation of confectionary, chewing gums and
Ester of toluresinotannol. Small quantities of vanillin perfumery.
and tryol.
45Podophyllum7 to 15% podophyllin Treatment of veneral and other warts. Purgative,
40% podophyllotoxin – teranhydronapthalene cholagague and bitter tonic.
derivative with OH and lactone group in trans position Etoposide – testicular and lung cancer.
Picropodophyllin, quercetin, astraglin.
Etoposide (4-demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene
glycoside) is semi-synthetically procesed.
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