Biochemistry
• Introduction to Biochemistry
1).Introduction of biochemistry
2).Principle of biochemistry
3).Biomolecules
• Amino acid
• Carbohydrate
• Fatty acid
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Brief chemistry of biochemistry
- 1).Definition of amino acid
- 2).Classification of amino acid
- • Non-polar amino acid
- • polar amino acid
- • negatively charged non-polaramino acid
- • Positively charged non-polar amino acid
- 3).Classification based on chemical construction
- 4).Essential amino acid non essential amino acid
- 5).Quantitative test for amino acid
- 6).Biological value for amino acid
- 7).Clinical significance of amino acid
- 8).Disease related to amino acid
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• metabolism
- 1).Introduction of metabolism
- 2).Types of metabolism
- 3).Carbohydrate metabolism
- 4).Lipid metabolism and function
- 5).Amino acid metabolism
- 6).Urea cycle
- 7).General pathway of amino acid metabolism
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• carbohydrate metabolism
- 1).Carbohydrate metabolism
- 2).Types of reaction metabolism
- 3).Importance of metabolism
- 4).Catabolism 5).Anibalism
- 6).Abnormal Metabolism
- 1. Dietary deficiency
- 2. Disease
- 3. Genetic defects
- 7).Glycolysis definition
- 8).Importance pathway of glycolysis
- 9).Energy producer of glycolysis
- 10).Glycolysis pathway
- 11).Citric acid cycle
- 12).Metabolic disturbance of carbohydrate
- 14).Diabetes mellitus
- 15).Glycemia
- 16).Symptoms of hypoglycemia
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PROTEIN METABOLISM
- 1). Amino Acid Degradation:
- 2). Amino acid breakdown pathways
- • Transamination of amino acids Deamination
- : 3). Urea cycle:
- 4). Control of Ammonia levels in the Liver lobule
- 5). Disease related to abnormal metabolism of amino acids
- {1}Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- {2}Alkeptonuria (Black Urine disease):
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Protein Basic Introduction
1). Introduction:
2). Definition:
3). Function of Protein
4). Physiochemical properties of proteins
5). Chemical Properties of Proteins
6). Classification of Proteins
7). Amino Acids
8). Structure of a Typical Amino Acid
9). Amino Acids linkage via Peptide Bonds
10). Structure of various Amino acids
11). Classification of Amino acids
12). Physio Chemical Properties of Amino acids:
13). Colour reactions of amino acids
14). Biological importance of amino acids
15). Polypeptide
16). Structure of protein
17). Protein deficiency disease:
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Vitamins and mineral
- 1). Introduction
- 2). Classification by food
- 3). Classification by predominant function
- 4). Nutrient
- 5). Protein
- 6). Function of protein
- 7). Evolution of protein
- 8). Assessment of protein nuclear status
- 9). Fat
- 10). Fat fatty acid and hydrolysis
- 11). Function of fats
- 12). Carbohydrate
- 13). Dietary fibres
- 14). Vitamins
- 15). Vitamin a, function of vitamin a
- 16). vitamin d, function of vitamin d
- 17). Thymine
- 18). Vitamin b6 and vitamin b12
- 19). Vitamin b12 deficiency
- 20). Vitamin c
- 21). Malnutrition
- 22). kwashiorkor, symptoms
- 23). marasmus, symptoms
- 24). Mineral, anaemia
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Metabolism
- 1). Introduction
- • Anabolic pathways
- • Catabolic pathways
- • Amphibolic pathways
- 2). Carbohydrate Metabolism
- 3). Lipid Metabolism
- 4). Amino Acid Metabolism
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Lipids and lipid metabolism
- 1). Fatty acids
- 2). Triacylglycerol
- 3). Phospholipids
- 4). Steroids
- 5). Lipid metabolism
- 6). Oxidation of fatty acids
- 7). Biosynthesis of fatty acids
- 8). Cholesterol synthesis
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Enzyme
- 1). Chemistry
- 2). Classification
- 3). Mechanism of EnzymeAction
- 4). Enzyme Kinetics
- 5). Inhibition
- 6). Activation
- 7). Specificity
- 8). Introduction
- 9). Structure of enzyme
- 10). Cofactor
- 11). Acid base crystallizer
- 12). Crystallized by proximity
- 13). Lock and key model
- 14). Effect of PH
- 15). Michaelis-Menten Equation
- 14). ASSUMPTIONS FOR
- 15). MICHAELIS-MENTEN EQUATION INHIBITORS
- 16). TYPES OF REVERSIBLE INHIBITION
- 17).EXAMPLES OF UNCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION
- 18). MIXED INHIBITION
- 19). Activation by co-factors
- . 20). Conversion of an enzyme precursor
- . 21). GROUP SPECIFICITY
- 22). BOND SPECIFICITY
- 25). OPTICAL / STEREO-SPECIFICITY
- 26). DUAL SPECIFICITY
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Enzyme
1). Oxido-reductases
2). Transferase 3). Hydrolases
4). Lyases
5). Isomerases
6). Ligases
7). FACTOR AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY
8). ENZYME INHIBITION
• Competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
9). DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF ENZYMES
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Carbohydrates
- 1). Introduction
- 2). Classification of carbohydrates
- I. Monosaccharides.
- II. Disaccharides.
- III. Oligosaccharides.
- IV. Polysaccharides.
- 3). Common test for glucose
- 4). Common test for Lactose
- 5).Common test for Sucrose
- 6). Chemical Properties of Carbohydartes
- 7). Disease Related to Carbohydrates Metabolism
- 8). Diagnosis
- 9). Symptoms of hypoglycemia
- 10). Glycosuria
