Description
Subject Code: BP603T
Subject Title: Herbal drug Technology
Herbal excipients
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Contents
• Herbal excipients
• Diluents
• Explain the various excipients used for formulating cosmetics
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Herbal excipients
• Excipients are defined as ‘the substance used as a medium for
giving a medicament
• Pharmaceutical excipients can be defined as non active ingredients
that are mixed with therapeutically active compound(s) to form
medicines.
• The ingredient which is not an active compound is regarded as an
excipients. Excipients affect the behavior and effectiveness of the
drug product more and more functionality and significantly.
• Plant derived polymers
• Synthetic polymers
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Herbal excipients
Plant derived polymers
Advantages
• renewable
• can be cultivated or harvested in sustainable manner
• can supply constant availability of raw material
Disadvantages
• synthesized in small quantities
• In mixtures that are structurally complex, which may differ
according to the location of the plants as well as other variables
such as the season
• Result in a slow and expensive isolation and purification process.
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Classification
Excipients are commonly classified according to their application and
function in the drug products:
• Binders, Diluents
• Lubricants, Glidants, Disintegrants
• Polishing Film formers and coatings agents
• Plasticizers, Colorings
• Suspending agents Preservatives, antioxidants
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Raw materials – colors
Annatto – carotenoids
Biological source: Dried seeds – Bixa orellana
Family : Bixaceae
Physical properties: Yellow orange in color
Soluble in alcohol, ether, insoluble in water
Chemical constituents: oleo resin – Bixin (yellow colored carotenoid) –
2.5%
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Raw materials – colors
Annatto – carotenoids
Uses: coloring agent – cosmetics, food, beverages
Raw materials - colors
Chlorophyll
Biological source: Green leaves of higher plants and green algae (
PRESENT IN CHLOROPLAST)
• Mixture of 4 pigments – Chlorophyll a (blue black)
Chlorophyll b (Green black)
Carotene (Orange red)
Xanthophyll (Yellow)
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Raw materials – colors
Chlorophyll
Physical properties: Soluble in organic solvent, Slightly soluble in
water
Uses: Coloring agents – soaps, oils and cosmetics
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Raw materials – colors
Cochineal
Biological source: Dried female insects Dactilopius coccus
Family : Coccidae
Production: Bugs –collected – autumn –protected winter
• Killed –immersion in hot water or exposure to hot sun
• Natural exposure – sun – good quality and variety of dye
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Raw materials – colors
• Heating – sun –color changes to purplish black color – black grains
• Burning – sulphur and charcoal fumes –develop purple grey color –
black grains
• Tubular glands – surface – wax
Chemical constituents: 10 % anthroquinone dye – Carminic acid , 10%
fat, 2% wax
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Raw materials – colors
• Uses: Coloring agent – cosmetics, drug, liquid and solid food
preparations
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Raw materials – colors
Henna (Lawsonia)
Biological source: Dried leaves – Lawsonia inermis
Family : Lythraceae
Chemical constituents: Lawsone – 2,5 – diOH-1,4-naphthoquinone
(orange dye)
Uses: Hair dye
Along with dihydroxy acetone –sunscreen agent
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Raw materials – colors
Lawsone
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Raw materials – colors
Curcumin – Turmeric
Biological source: Bright yellow coloring material obtained from
the rhizomes of Curcuma longa
Family : Zingiberaceae
Solubility: soluble – ethanol, acetic acid
Insoluble – water, ether
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Raw materials – colors
Uses: Food colouring agent
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Raw materials – colors
Carthamine
Biological source: Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from
safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
Family : Asteraceae
Uses: It is used as a dye and a food coloring. As a food additive, it is
known as Natural Red 26.
Carthamin was used as a dye in ancient Egypt. It was used
extensively in the past for dyeing wool for the carpet industry in
European countries
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Raw materials – colors
Raw materials - colors
Crocin (Saffron)
Biological source: Golden yellow – orange carotenoid pigment
obtained from the dried stigmas and upper parts of styles of Crocus
sativus
Family : Iridaceae
Solubility: Soluble in hot water and insoluble in absolute alcohol
Uses : Food colourant
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Raw materials – colors
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Raw materials – colors
Capsanthin (Paprika)
Biological source: Red colour carotenoid pigment obtained from
the fruit of Capsicum annum
Family : Solanaceae
Constituents: Carotenoid – Capsanthin
Uses: Coloring agent for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and
beverages
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Raw materials – colors
Lutein (Tagetus)
Biological source: Yellow orange colour carotenoid pigment
obtained from the flower of Tagetus erecta
Family : Compositae
Uses: Coloring agent for food, pharmaceutical
Used as additive of chicken feed to give colour to egg yolks
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Raw materials – colors
Betanin (Beet root)
Biological source: Red glycoside obtained from the beet root,
Beta vulgaris
Family :
Uses: Coloring agent for ice cream,
powdered soft drink beverages, soups, in some
sugar confectionery
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Summary
• Colorant : Substances added to cosmetics products to colour
the product and /or to impart color to the skin and /or its
appendages
• Natural pigments
