Introduction & Cell, Tissue MCQs with Answers
1 : Which field, when compared to the others, tends to rely more on experimentation to find new answers?
a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. medical terminology
d. history of science
2 : Select the correct statement about the science of anatomy.
a. Our knowledge of human anatomy has remained the same since the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
b. Anatomy is concerned with the function of body parts.
c. Anatomy is concerned with the structure of body parts.
d. The functional role of a body part has little to do with how the part is constructed.
3 : Which one of the following traits is not a characteristic of life shared by all organisms?
a. circulation
b. digestion
c. growth
d. photosynthesis
4 : All organisms share a set of basic requirements. These include all of the following, with the exception of _____________, which is not required by all organisms, even if it is present in many.
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. pressure
d. food and water
5 : Most of the body’s homeostatic mechanisms operate by negative feedback, although a few function through positive feedback. Choose the example from the list below that operates by positive feedback.
a. Blood pressure that has dropped too low is caused to increase.
b. A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production.
c. Maintenance of a constant body temperature is accomplished through sweating or shivering.
d. Regulation of glucose levels in the blood requires the actions of two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon.
6 : Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?
a. organ system
b. macromolecule
c. organ
d. organelle
7 : Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization?
a. tissue
b. cell
c. macromolecule
d. organ
8 : The ______________ of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk.
a. dorsal cavity
b. appendicular portion
c. ventral cavity
d. axial portion
9 : The _____________ cavity is the portion enclosed by the pelvic bones.
a. abdominopelvic
b. pelvic
c. abdominal
d. thoracic
10 : The lungs are covered by a membrane called the _______________.
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pleura
c. parietal pericardium
d. peritoneum
11 : The ____________ system is responsible for transporting fluid and also houses the body’s disease-fighting cells.
a. integumentary
b. cardiovascular
c. lymphatic
d. digestive
12 : The ______________ system includes all the glands that secrete hormones.
a. muscular
b. lymphatic
c. nervous
d. endocrine
13 : The lower arm is _____________ to the stomach area, while the head is ________________ to the stomach.
a. medial; peripheral
b. proximal; anterior
c. lateral; superior
d. inferior; superficial
14 : A ______________ section divides the body into right and left portions.
a. coronal
b. transverse
c. sagittal
d. oblique
15 : The human liver is primarily located in the _____________________.
a. right upper quadrant of the abdominal area
b. left lower quadrant of the abdominal area
c. right iliac region
d. left hypochondriac region
16 : Anatomy is a term which means the study of _____.
a. physiology
b. morphology
c. cell functions
d. human functions
17 : A study dealing with the explanations of how an organ works would be an example of_____.
a. anatomy
b. cytology
c. teleology
d. physiology
18 : What is the smallest level of organization considered to be living?
a. cell
b. organelle
c. tissue
d. system
19 : Which of the following includes the other terms?
a. cell
b. tissue
c. system
d. organ
20 : Which of the following terms means the same as ventral in humans?
a. dorsal
b. posterior
c. medial
d. anterior
21 : A tumor on the side of the abdomen can be described as being on the _____ surface of the body.
a. anterior
b. lateral
c. medial
d. posterior
22 : The chin can be described as being on the _____ surface of the skull.
a. inferior
b. lateral
c. superior
d. ventral
23 : Which of the following means the same as frontal?
a. transverse
b. coronal
c. sagittal
d. occipital
24 : Which of the following terms cannot be properly paired?
a. cranial, skull
b. frontal, forehead
c. nasal, buccal
d. orbital, eyes
25 : Which of the following pairs of terms is not correct?
a. ophthalmic, eyes
b. pectoral, chest
c. axillary, armpit
d. costal, abdomen
26 : Which of the following means the same as lower back?
a. lumbar
b. pelvic
c. inguinal
d. gluteal
27 : Which term refers to the back of the knee?
a. perineal
b. popliteal
c. pelvic
d. pedal
28 : Branched nerve fibers that convey impulses toward the cell body of a neuron are called _____________.
a. axons
b. dendrites
c. axon collaterals
d. axon terminals
29 : Myelin sheaths on the outsides of many axons are contributed by ______________.
a. the axon itself
b. secretory vesicles
c. Schwann cells
d. the cell bodies of the neuron
30 : A neuron with many nerve fibers arising from its cell body and that carries impulses away from the brain would be classified as __________________.
a. multipolar
b. bipolar
c. unipolar and sensory
d. multipolar and motor
31 : Which types of neurons are likely to increase muscular activities?
a. accelerator neurons
b. inhibitory neurons
c. bipolar neurons
d. sensory neurons
32 : At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that __________ ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while __________ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.
a. potassium; sodium
b. sodium; potassium
c. calcium; phosphate
d. sulfate; potassium
33 : In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say the membrane is _______________.
a. hyperpolarized
b. depolarized
c. unpolarized
d. polarized
34 : When a neuron reaches action potential, it depolarizes and repolarizes in an amount of time on the order of ________________.
a. seconds
b. milliseconds
c. microseconds
d. nanoseconds
35 : Select the incorrect statement about nerve impulse conduction.
a. Saltatory conduction involves Schwann cells and occurs at greater speed than on unmyelinated fibers.
b. Nerve impulses occur in an all-or-none manner.
c. The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period
d. The strength of impulses carried along a single nerve fiber can vary with the strength of their stimulus.
36 : Excessive sleeping is most likely due to the presence of too much of which neurotransmitter?
a. GABA
b. norepinephrine
c. serotonin
d. dopamine
37. Which structure within the cell produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
A. the mitochondria
B. the nucleus
C. peripheral proteins
D. the endoplasmic reticulum
38. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell plasma membrane?
A. cholesterol
B. proteins
C. microfilaments
D. phospholipids
39. Which list below contains the four types of tissue?
A. extracellular fluid, skeletal tissue, glandular tissue, connective tissue.
B. extracellular fl uid, muscle tissue, glandular tissue, cartilaginous tissue.
C. neural tissue, skeletal tissue, epithelial tissue, cartilaginous tissue.
D. Neural tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue.
40. Except for one, the following are types of cells. Which one is NOT a type of cell?
A. platelets
B. leucocytes
C. macrophages
D. osteoblasts
41. In which part of a cell does the process of making ATP from oxygen and glucose take place?
A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. golgi apparatus
42. Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?
A. to process lipids and proteins for secretion through the plasma membrane
B. to act as receptors for hormones
C. to synthesise proteins from amino acids
D. to act as a cytoskeleton to support and shape the cell
43. What is the difference between simple squamous cells and simple columnar cells?
A. squamous cells are flattened while columnar cells are taller than they are
wide.
B. simple squamous cells are one layer thick while simple columnar cells are
several layers thick.
C. simple squamous cells are epithelial tissue while simple columnar cells are
connective tissue.
D. squamous cells are fl attened while columnar cells are cuboidal.
44. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell?
A. macrophages
B. lysosomes
C. plasmocytes
D. chondroblasts
45. Which cell organelles contain an acidic environment capable of digesting a wide variety of molecules?
A. Lysosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Centrosomes
D. Golgi complex
46. Which form of transport through the plasma membrane requires the expenditure of energy by the cell?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
D. Diffusion
47. Which of the tissue types below consists of a single layer of cells?
A. stratifi ed squamous epithelial tissue
B. glandular epithelium
C. areolar connective tissue
D. simple columnar epithelial tissue
48. One of the following is NOT a serous membrane. Which one?
A. pleura
B. peritoneum
C. mucosa
D. pericardium
49. Which of the following is NOT made predominantly from epithelial tissue?
A. In the dermis
B. In exocrine glands
C. In endocrine glands
D. In the endothelium of blood vessels
50. What are tendons and ligaments composed of?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. Liquid connective tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Epithelial tissue
51. What is the composition of the intercellular matrix in connective tissue?
A. Cells and fibres
B. Serous and mucus membranes and lamina propria
C. Protein fibres and ground substance
D. Interstitial fluid
52. Which statement about the plasma membrane is INCORRECT ?
A. It is selectively permeable.
B. It is composed of two layers of glycoprotein molecules.
C. It contains receptors for specifi c signalling molecules.
D. The plasma membranes of adjacent cells are held together by desmosomes.
53. Which of the following is NOT epithelial tissue?
A. the epidermis
B. glandular tissue
C. the internal lining of blood vessels
D. the dermis
54. Which of the following is NOT a cell found in connective tissue?
A. adipocytes
B. chondroblasts
C. keratinocytes
D. osteoblasts
55. What tissue has cells that are closely packed and that have one surface attached to a basement membrane and the other free to a space?
A. epithelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue
D. nervous tissue
56. What is the name of the mechanism that ensures that there is a higher concentration of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. The sodium-potassium pump
C. Secondary active transport
D. Osmosis
57. What are lysosomes, centrosomes and ribosomes example of?
A. stem cells
B. organelles within a cell
C. sensory receptors in the dermis
D. exocrine glands
58. What does simple columnar epithelial tissue refer to? Tissue with
A. a single layer of cells longer than they are wide.
B. a single layer of cells whose length, breadth and depth are about the same size.
C. several layers of cells, all of the same type.
D. several layers of cells but without a basement membrane.
59. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue?
A. blood
B. bone
C. tendon
D. epidermis
60. What is the function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?
A. to maintain the intracellular fluid at a similar composition to that of the interstitial fluid.
B. to form channels to selectively allow passage of small molecules.
C. to act as receptors for signalling chemicals.
D. to present a barrier to the passage of water-soluble molecules.
61. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. plasma cells
B. leucocytes
C. keratinocytes
D. chondroblasts
62. Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. integral proteins
B. glycoproteins
C. plasma proteins
D. peripheral proteins
63. A major role for mitochondria is to
A. transcribe the information in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
B. produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
C. synthesize proteins from amino acids
D. use enzymes to lyse molecules
64. Choose the tissue below that is one of the four primary types of body tissue.
A. epidermal tissue
B. epithelial tissue
C. interstitial tissue
D. osseous tissue
65. What are the primary types of tissue in the body?
A. Muscle, nervous, connective and epithelial
B. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous and epithelial
C. Muscle, nervous, connective, osseous, blood and epithelial
D. Muscle, nervous, connective, glandular and epithelial
66. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs?
A. visceral peritoneum
B. parietal peritoneum
C. visceral pleura
D. dura mater
67. What is a role performed by mitochondria?
A. contain enzymes capable of digesting molecules
B. produce ATP
C. synthesise proteins
D. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & cholesterol
68. Which of the following is NOT found in the plasma membrane?
A. proteins
B. cholesterol
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. phospholipids
69. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. mast cells
B. adipocytes
C. chondroblasts
D. keratinocytes
70. Which of the following is NOT part of the plasma membrane of a cell?
A. phospholipid
B. glycoprotein
C. chromatin
D. cholesterol
71. A major role for mitochondria is to
A. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids & steroids
B. deliver lipids and proteins to plasma membrane for secretion
C. synthesise proteins from amino acids
D. produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
72. Choose the tissue below that is NOT one of the four primary types of body
tissue.
A. connective tissue
B. muscular tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. osseous tissue
73. What is the purpose of mitochondria?
A. to store the nucleolus and chromatin
B. to produce adenosine triphosphate
C. to support and shape the cell.
D. they produce enzymes to break down molecules
74. The plasma membrane of a cell contains molecules that have a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end What are they called?
A. phospholipids
B. cholesterol
C. integral proteins
D. glycoproteins
75. Adipocytes are found in which type of tissue?
A. muscle tissue
B. epithelial tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. connective tissue
76. What is the role of mitochondria? To:
A. function in cell division
B. synthesise proteins
C. form part of the plasma membrane
D. synthesise fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids.
77. Which one of the following cell types is found in epithelial tissue?
A. mast cells
B. adipocytes
C. chondroblasts
D. melanocytes
78. What is the difference between “loose” connective tissue (CT) and “dense” connective tissue?
A. Fibres occupy most of the volume in dense CT
B. Dense CT includes cartilage, loose CT does not.
C. Loose CT has a good blood supply while dense CT does not.
D. Loose CT has no fi bres (and dense CT does).
79. Facilitated diffusion refers to the process of
A. movement along a concentration gradient assisted by protein carrier molecules.
B. movement of ions and molecules along a concentration gradient.
C. transport of molecules and ions against their concentration gradient.
D. water movement through a semi-permeable membrane
80. What do fi broblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts and haemocytoblasts have in common?
A. they are all types of white blood cell.
B. they are all macrophages.
C. they are all immature cells.
D. they are all types of epithelial cell.
81. Which is NOT true of connective tissue (CT)?
A. the cells are closely packed
B. the tissue contains protein fi bres and ground substance.
C. types include loose CT, dense CT and liquid CT.
D. CT contains white blood cells.
82. Active transport across the plasma membrane may be described by which statement?
A. active transport requires energy from ATP.
B. active transport is also known as endocytosis.
C. active transport moves molecules along their concentration gradient.
D. active transport is the movement of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane.
83. Which of the following cell types denotes an immature cell?
A. macrophages
B. monocytes
C. osteoblasts
D. ribosomes
84. Choose the membrane that is NOT a serous membrane.
A. pleura
B. peritoneum
C. pericardium
D. lamina propria
85. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. the nucleus
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. golgi apparatus
86. Which of the following is ONE major function of epithelial cells?
A. movement
B. secretion
C. support of other cell types
D. transmit electrical signals
87. What are the major types of tissue in the body?
A. nervous, muscle, epithelial, connective.
B. squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional.
C. osteocytes, chondrocytes, leucocytes, adipocytes.
D. protein, adipose, cartilage, osseous.
88. Which of the following is NOT one of the organelles within a cell?
A. desmosome
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondrion
D. golgi apparatus
89. Which list contains the main body tissue types?
A. glandular, connective, osseous, nervous
B. epithelial, nervous, connective, muscle.
C. endothelial, connective, muscle, cartilaginous
D. epithelial, cartilaginous, muscle, glandular
90. The process of “diffusion” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?
A. the movement of ions and molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration towards regions where they are in lower concentration.
B. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.
C. the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.
D. the use of energy from ATP to move water molecules against their concentration gradient.
91. The process of “active transport” through a membrane may be described by which of the following?
A. the movement of ions and small molecules away from regions where they are in high concentration.
B. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules into regions where they are in lower concentration.
C. the plasma membrane engulfs the substance and moves it through the membrane.
D. the use of energy from ATP to move ions and small molecules against their
concentration gradient.
92. Which of the following is the smallest living structural unit of the body?
A. atom
B. molecule
C. organelle
D cell
93. Which of the following enables ions such as sodium to cross a plasma membrane?
A. phospholipid bilayer
B. peripheral proteins
C. integral proteins
D. desmosomes
94. Cell membranes can maintain a difference in electrical charge between the interior of the cell and the extracellular fl uid. What is this charge difference called?
A. excitability
B. the membrane potential
C. the action potential
D. the sodium-potassium pump
95. The resting membrane potential of a cell is the consequence of which of the
following concentrations of ions?
A. High K + and Cl − outside the cell and high Na + and large anions inside the cell.
B. High K + and Na + outside the cell and high Cl − and large anions inside the cell.
C. High Cl − and Na + outside the cell and high K + and large cations inside the cell.
D. High Ca 2+ and Na + outside the cell and high K + and large cations inside the cell.
96. What is one function of mitochondria? To
A. produce enzymes to break down molecules
B. produce molecules of ATP
C. hold adjacent cells together
D. allow passage of molecules through the plasma membrane
97. Membrane proteins perform the following functions EXCEPT one. Which One?
A. form the glycocalyx
B. act as receptor proteins
C. form pores to allow the passage of small solutes
D. behave as enzymes.
98. Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport because facilitated diffusion:
A. requires energy from ATP
B. moves molecules from where they are in lower concentration to higher concentration
C. moves molecules from where they are in higher concentration to lower concentration.
D. involves ions & molecules that pass through membrane channels.
99. Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
A. blood
B. mesothelium
C. fat
D. tendon
100. The cells that are found in tendons are called:
A. osteocytes
B. adipocytes
C. haemocytoblasts
D. fibroblasts
101. Which one of the following terms best describes the structure of the cell membrane:
A. fluid mosaic model
B. static mosaic model
C. quaternary structure
D. multilayered structure
102. Which one of the following terms best describes a phospholipid. It consists of a:
A. polar head and polar tail
B. non-polar head and a polar tail
C. polar head and non-polar tail
D. non-polar head and a non-polar tail
103. One of the functions of integral proteins in cell membranes is to:
A. maintain the rigid structure of the cell
B. support mechanically the phospholipids
C. interact with the cytoplasm
D. form channels for transport functions
104. Which one of the following best describes what a cell membrane consists of?
A. lipids, proteins, ribosomes
B. lipids, cholesterol, proteins
C. cholesterol, proteins, cytoplasm
D. lipids, proteins, cytoplasm
More Link
Human anatomy and physiology:- 1
Sem:- 1 MCQs with Answers
Unit:- 1
➡️ Introduction & Cell, Tissue MCQs with Answer :- Click here
Unit:- 2
➡️ Skeletal system & Joints MCQs with Answers :- Click here
➡️ Blood MCQs with Answers:- Click here
➡️ MCQs of LYMPHATIC SYSTEM :- Click here
Unit:- 5
➡️ Cardiovascular system MCQs with Answers :- Click here
Subject:- Human anatomy and physiology MCQs with Answer
Sem:- 1 MCQs with Answers
Topic:- Introduction & Cell, Tissue
