Pharmacology study material

• Fundamentals of clinical pharmacology

1). Pharmacology basics
2). Where drugs come from
3). How drugs are administered
4). New drug development
5). Pharmacokinetics
6). Pharmacokinetics: Absorption
7). Pharmacokinetics: Distribution
8). Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism
9). Pharmacokinetics: Excretion
10). Onset, peak, and duration
11). Pharmacodynamics
12). Pharmacotherapeutics
13). Drug interactions
14). Adverse drug reactions

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Pharmacokinetics

• 1). Drug Absorption
• 2). The main routes of administration
• 3). Drug Distribution
• 4). Binding Of Drugs To Plasma Proteins
• 5). Factors that affect distribution of drugs into body water compartment include
• 6). Drug Elimination
• 7). Drug Metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMAION)8). Inhibition and induction of microsomal enzymes
• 9). Drug Excretion
• 10). Routes Of Drug Excretion:

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Introduction to pharmacology

1). Definitions
2). The Life Cycle Of a Drug (pharmacokinetics)
3). Bioavailability
4). Depot Binding
5). Metabolism And Elimination
6). Comparison
7). Drug Effectiveness
8). Drug-drug Interactions
9). Pharmacodynamics
10). Agonists/antagonists
11). Important implications of drug-receptor interaction

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Drug used in Rheumatoid Arthritis

1). Rheumatoid arthritis
2). DMARDs
3). NSAIDs
4). Drugs used in gout
5). Glucocorticoids
6). Biological
7). Drugs used in Acute gout
            1. NSAIDs
            2. Colchicine
            3. Corticosteroids
8). Corticosteroids

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Cholinergic drug

1). Introduction
2). Cholinergic agents
3). Synthesis of ach
4). Storage and release of ach
5). Cholinoceptors
6). Classification
7). SAR
8). Modification of ethylene bridge
9). Pilocarpine
10). Carbachol

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Anticancer Drug

1). Introduction/difintion
2). Epidemiology Of Cancer
3). Risk Factors
4). Characteristic Of Cancer
5). The Seven Warning Signs Of Cancer
6). Cancer Types
7). Cell Cycle
8). Carcinogenesis
9). Formation Of Malignat Cell By Mutation
10). Treatment Options Of Cancer
11). Diagnosis Of Cancer
12). Cell Cycle Specific /Non- Specific Dugs
13). Anti Cancer Drug Classification
14). Chemotherapeutic Drugs Affecting RNA /DNA Precursors
15). Comparison Of Myelosuppressive Potential Of Chemotherapeutic Drugs
16). Mechanisam Of Anticancer Drugs
17). Toxic Effects Of Anti Cancer Drugs

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ANTICANCER DRUGS

• 1). Classification
• 2). Alkylating Agent
• 3). Platinum coordination complex
• 4). Antimetabolites
• 5). Purine Antagonist 
• 6). Azathioprine
• 7). Fludarabine
• 8). Pyrimidine antagonist
• 9). Vincristine,Vinblastine, Vinorelbine
• 10). Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin)
• 11). Miscllaneous Cytotoxic Drugs✓ Read now

ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS

1). Action of atropine
2). Pharmacokinetics
3). Anticholinergic Drugs
           • Natural alkaloids
           • Semisynthetic derivatives
           • Synthetic compounds
4). Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
5). Main drug interactions
6). Depolarizing agents

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Antiprotozoal Drugs

1). Chemotherapy For Amebiasis
2). Mixed amebicides
          • Metronidazole:
          • Tinidazole:
3). Chemotherapy for Malaria
4). Chemotherapy For Trypanosomiasis
5). Toxoplasmosis
6). Giardiasis

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Nonsteroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

1). Introduction
2). Diseases with a chronic inflammatory component
3). Inflammatory mediators
4). Cytokines
5). Eicosanoids
6). PROSTANOIDS (PGs & Txs)
7). Cyclooxygenase (COX)
8). Beneficial actions of NSAIDs due to prostanoid synthesis inhibition
9). Shared toxicities of NSAIDs due to prostanoid synthesis inhibition
10). Mechanisms by which NSAIDs may induce mucosal injury
11). Effects of NSAIDs
12). Uses of Aspirin® (Bayer, 1899)
13). Drug interactions with NSAIDs
14). Inhibiting activity rate (COX-2/COX-1)
15). Pathogenesis of pain
16). Drugs in gout
17). ANTIRHEUMATOID DRUGS

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Anti-Hyperlipidemic Drugs

1). HYPERLIPIDEMIA
2). Types of lipoprotein
3). RISK FACTORS FOR HYPERLIPIDEMIA
4). CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS
5). HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
6). FIBRATES/ FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE
7). NICOTINIC ACID/ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPOLYSISI
8). BILE ACID BINDING AGENT

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HYPERTENSION

1). INTRODUCTION
2). DEFINATION
3). Signs and symptoms of hypertension
4). Causes of hypertension
5). PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6). CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
7). ACE INHIBITORE
8). DIURETICS
9). Β- ADRENERGIC BLOCKER-PROPRANOLOL
10). CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCB)
11). CENTRALLY SYMPATHOLYTIC AGENT

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anti -inflammatory And Immunosuppressant Drugs

1). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs( NSAIDs)2). Mechanism of action of NSAID3). Cyclooxygense COX enzymes4). Antipyretic effect5). Analgesic effect6). Anti-inflammatory effect7). General unwanted effects 8). Classifications and details short note

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Adrenergic alphabetical

1). Alpha And Beta Receptors
2). Classification of sympathetic receptor
3). Differences Between Alpha And Beta Adrenergic Receptors
4). Sympatholytic Drugs
5). α Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
6). Alpha Blockers
7). Equilibrium type (competitive)
8). Selective α1-Blockers
9). Beta Blockers
10). Nonselective β-Blockers [First generation
β-blockers)
11). Limitations of Non-selective β-Blockers
12). Beta-Blockers with Intrinsic
Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA)
13). Beta-Blockers with Membrane Stabilizing
Activity
14). Combined Alpha And Betablockers

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Antiamoebic and Antiprotozoal Drugs

1). Antiamoebic Drugs
2). Amoebiasis – Epidemiology
3). Pathogenesis of E. Histolytica
4). Metronidazole –Prototype
5). Nitroimidazoles
6). Emetine and Dehydroemetine
7). Hydroxyquinolines
8). Chloroquine
9). Diloxanide furoate (DF)
10). Trichomonas vaginitis treatment
11). Drugs for Leishmaniasis
12). Sodium stibogluconate (SSG)
13). Amphotericin B (AMB), Ketoconazole (KTZ)
14). Miltefosine, Mifepristone, Paromomycin andAllopurinol

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Route of drug administration

1). Define the phrase route of administration
2). Identify the factors that can influence the route of administration
3). Define the terms local use and systemic use, and explain how these uses are considered when a prescriber selects a drug for a particular patient
4). List the major routes of administration and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each dose form
5). Discuss correct techniques for administration of oral, topical, and parenteral dose forms including IV, IM, ID, and subcutaneous

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Antimalarial Drugs

1). Introduction Anti malaria drug
2). Therapeutic Classification
3). Chemical Classification
4). Chloroquine
5). Mechanism Of Action
6). Pharmacological Actions
7). Therapeutic Uses
8). SAR of 4-aminoquinolines
9). Quinoline-methanol
10). Cinchona Alkaloids
11). Pharmacological Actions
13). Biguanides
14). Diaminopyrimidine
15). 8-aminoquinoline
16). Sulfonamides And Sulfone
17). Amino alcohols
18). Antimalarial Action
19). Artemisinins

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SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS

1). Definitions
2). Available Drugs
3). Barbiturates
4). Benzodiazepines
5). Individual drugs
6). Nonbenzodiazepines
7). Zolpidem – Imidazopyridine
8). Zaleplon
9). Insomnia
10). Flumazenil

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• Neurologic and neuromuscular drugs

• 1). Skeletal muscle relaxants
• 2). Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
• 3). Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants
• 4). Other skeletal muscle relaxants
• 5). Neuromuscular blocking drugs
• 6). Nondepolarizing blocking drugs
• 7). Depolarizing blocking drugs
• 8). Antiparkinsonian drugs
• 9). Anticholinergic drugs
• 10). Dopaminergic drugs
• 11). COMT inhibitors
• 12). Anticonvulsant drugs
• 13). Hydantoins
• 14). Barbiturates
• 15). Iminostilbenes
• 16). Benzodiazepines
• 17). Carboxylic acid derivatives
• 18). 1- (aminomethyl) cyclohexane–acetic acid
• 19). Phenyltriazines
• 20). Carboxamides
• 21). Sulfamate-substituted monosaccharides
• 22). Succinimides
• 23). Sulfonamides
• 24). Pyrrolidines
• 25). Antimigraine drugs
• 26). The 5-HT1-receptor agonists(triptans)
• 27). Ergotamine preparations

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Autonomic nervous system drugs

• 1). Cholinergic drugs
• 2). Cholinergic agonists
• 3). Anticholinesterase drugs
• 4). Cholinergic blocking drugs
• 5). Adrenergic drugs
• 6). Catecholamines
• 7). Noncatecholamines
• 8). Adrenergic blocking drugs
• 9). Alpha-adrenergic blockers
• 10). Beta-adrenergic blockers

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ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS AND DRUGS

• 1). Adrenergic Receptors
• 2). Pharmacological Actions
• 3). Adrenergic Drugs
• 4). Therapeutic Uses

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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

1). Grading Of Severity Of Adverse Drug Reactions
2). Classifications Of Adr
3). Pharmacovigilance (Daup)
4). Various activities involved in pharmacovigilance are
5). Prevention Of Adverse Effects To Drugs
6). Intolerance
7). Idiosyncrasy
8). Photosensitivity
9). Drug Allergy
10). Mutagenicity And Carcinogenicity

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Anti – Fungal Agents

• 1). Anti – Fungal Agents definition and introduction
• 2). Classification
• 3). Amphotericin – B
• 4). Mechanism of action5). Pharmaco Kinetics
• 6). Administration And Dose

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THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

• 1). Introduction to the Autonomic nervous system
• 2). The Adrenergic Transmission
• 3). sympathomimtics
• 4). Adrenoceptor antagonists
• 5). Beta Adrenocepter Antagonists

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ANTI-ANGINAL DRUGS

1). Definition
2). CAUSES
3). CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-
ANGINAL DRUGS
            • NITRATES
            • BETA BLOCKERS 
            • CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

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Drug acting on CNS

• 1). General anesthetics (GAs)
• 2). General anesthesia causes
• 3). Regimen for balanced anesthesia
• 4). Inhalational GAs 5). Injcectable GAs
• 6). Local anesthetics (LAs)
• 7). Infiltration anesthesia
• 8). The other main types of local  anesthesia          
• • Esters          
• • Amides
• 9). Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
• 10). Anesthetic potency

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