Description
Vancomycin
• Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
• Vancomycin is used to treat infections of the intestines that cause colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).
• Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin
• Mechanism of Action of Vancomycin
• Therapeutic Uses of Vancomycin
• ADRs of Vancomycin
• Drug Interactions of Vancomycin
• C. difficile –associated
diarrhea
• Endocarditis (staphylococcal, streptococcal, enterococcal, diphtheroid), staphylococca infections
- Subject:- pharmacology 1
- Course:- B.pharm (pharmacy),
- Semester:- 4th sem , sem :- 4
VANCOMYCIN
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Vancomycin
• Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used
in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections
caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
• Vancomycin is used to treat infections of the
intestines that cause colitis (inflammation of the
large intestine).
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Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption:
• Poorly absorbed (orally).
• When given by injection:
• T max is 1 h (injection).
• Distribution:
• 55% protein bound.
• Distributes in:
• Pleural fluid
• Pericardial fluid
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• Ascitic fluid
Pharmacokinetics
• Metabolism:
• Partially metabolized by liver.
• Elimination:
• IV: about 75% is excreted in the urine by
glomerular filtration (in the first 24 hrs).
• Oral: feces.
• Mean half-life is 4 to 6 hrs.
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Mechanism of Action
• Inhibits cell wall synthesis.
• Inhibits transglycosylase.
• Alters cell membrane permeability.
• Cell becomes susceptible to lysis.
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Therapeutic Uses
• ORAL
• Treatment of Clostridium difficile –associated
diarrhea.
• Treatment of staphylococcal enterocolitis.
• PARENTERAL
• Treatment of serious or severe infections caused
by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant
(beta-lactam–resistant) staphylococci.
• Treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal,
enterococcal, or diphtheroid endocarditis.
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ADRs
• Cardiovascular
Hypotension.
• CNS
Headache, fatigue, dizziness, vertigo (rare).
• Dermatologic
Dermatitis, urticaria, vasculitis.
• Hematologic
Thrombocytopenia
• ENT
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Hearing loss.
ADRs
• GI
Nausea; abdominal pain; diarrhea, vomiting;
flatulence; antibiotic-associated colitis.
• Genitourinary
Urinary tract infections.
• Local
Injection-site inflammation.
• Respiratory
Dyspnea, wheezing.
• Hypokalemia www.remixeducation.in
DRUG INTERACTIONS
• increased risk of
ANESTHETICS hypersensitivity.
• increases vancomycin toxicity
INDOMETHACIN in neonates.
• increases methotrexate
METHOTREXATE toxicity
AMINOGLYCOSIDES, • increases risk of nephrotoxicity
AMPHOTERICIN B, and/or neurotoxicity.
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Endocarditis (staphylococcal,
streptococcal, enterococcal,
diphtheroid), staphylococcal infections
• For adults: IV 500 mg every 6 h or 1 g every 12
h at a rate no faster than 10 mg/min or over at
least 60 min, whichever is longer.
• For children: IV 10 mg/kg per dose given every
6 h over at least 60 min.
• For neonates: IV initial dose of 15 mg/kg,
followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h in the first
week of life and every 8 h thereafter up to 1
month of age.
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C. difficile –associated
diarrhea
• For adults: PO 125 mg 4 times daily for 10 days.
• For children: PO 40 mg/kg/day in 3 or 4 divided
doses for 7 to 10 days; max dosage is 2 g/day.
