Description
Subject:- herbal drug Technology
Semester:- 6th sem
Course:- Bachelor of Pharmacy B Pharmacy
Course Code: BP603T
Course Title: Herbal Drug Technology
Contents
• Waxes
• Gums
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Raw Materials – Waxes and Gums
• At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:
– Identify suitable raw materials for preparing herbal
cosmetics
– Explain the various waxes available for formulating herbal
cosmetics
– Explain the various gums available for formulating herbal
cosmetics
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Raw materials - Waxes
Bees wax – Oldest forms of wax
Biological source: Wax obtained from the honey comb of bees Apis
melifera
Family : Apidae
Chemical constituents: Myricin, melissic acid
Uses: Used in oinments, lipsticks and face creams
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Raw materials - Waxes
Spermaceti
Biological source: Waxy substance obtained from the head of sperm
whale Physeter macrocephalus
Family : Physeteridae
Chemical constituents: Acetyl palmitate, free acetyl alcohol, esters of
lauric, myristic and stearic acids
Uses : Used as emollient – ointments, cold creams
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Raw materials - Waxes
Carnauba Wax
Biological source: Exudate from the pores of leaves of Brazilian wax
palm tree Copernicia prunifera
Family : Palmae
Chemical constituents: Esters of hydroxylated fatty acids – carnuabic,
cerotic and melissyl cerotate
Uses: Used in deplitories and deodarant sticks
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Raw materials - Oils
Myrica Wax
Biological source: Wax obtained from the peels of berry of Myrica
cerifera
Family : Myricaceae
Chemical constituents: Palmitic, myristic and lauric acid esters
Uses: Reducess the stickiness of creams and emulsion, used in hair
care preparations – excellent holding properties
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Raw materials - Wax
Rice bran wax
Biological source: vegetable wax extracted from the bran oil of rice
Oryza sativa Family : Graminae
Chemical constituents: Aliphatic acids – palmitic acid, behenic acid
and higher alcohol esters like ceryl alcohol, melissyl alcohol,
squalene and phospholipids
Uses: Thickener, binding agent with strong emollient properties. Used
in lipsticks, balms and sun screens
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Raw materials - Gums
• Hydrophobic or hydrophilic high molecular weight molecules –
colloidal properties
• Natural gums
• Prepared gums
Natural gums
1. Sea weed gum – agar, algin, carrageenan, laminaran
2. Plant exudates – Acacia, tragacanth, karaya, ghatti
3. Seed gums – Guar gum, isabgol, tamarind, locust bean gum,
quince seed gum
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Raw materials - Gums
• Hydrophobic or hydrophilic high molecular weight molecules –
colloidal properties
• Natural gums
• Prepared gums
Natural gums
1. Sea weed gum – agar, algin, carrageenan, laminaran
2. Plant exudates – Acacia, tragacanth, karaya, ghatti
3. Seed gums – Guar gum, isabgol, tamarind, locust bean gum,
quince seed gum
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Raw materials - Gums
Carrageenan
• Biological source: Sulphated polysaccharide extract – sea weed –
carageen or Irish mass – Gigartina stellata
• Family : Rodophyceae
• Uses: Hard lotion – Gelling, emulsifying and stabilizing agent
• Antitartar tooth paste
• Hair setting lotion
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Raw materials - Gums
Gum Tracaganth
• Biological source: Dried gummy exudates – stem – Astragalus
gummifer
• Family : Leguminosae
Chemical constituents: Tragcanthin – 8-10%, Bassorin – 60 -70%
Uses: Suspending, thickening and emulsifying agent – tooth paste,
mascara, skin lotions, non greasy hair cream, barrier cream
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Raw materials - Gums
Gum Acacia
• Biological source: Dried gummy exudate – stem and branches –
Acacia senegal
• Family : Leguminosae
Chemical constituents: Arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glyceronic
acid
Uses: Suspending, thickening and emulsifying agent – barrier cream,
face mask
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Raw materials - Gums
Locust bean gum
• Biological source: Endosperm – seeds – Cerotina siliqua
• Family : Leguminosae
• Chemical constituents: D – galacto – D –Mannoglycan, 4% Pentan,
oxidase and ceratoniase enzyme
• Uses: Binder, thickening agent, stabilising agent - cosmetics
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Raw materials - Gums
Pectin
• Biological source: Purified carbohydrate – acid hydrolysis – inner
portion – rind - Citrus peels – Citrus limonii or Citrus auranticum
• Family : Rutaceae
• Uses: Emulsifying and gelling agent - cosmetics
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Raw materials - Gums
Xanthan gum
• Biological source: Fermentation – bacteria – Xanthomonas
compestris on high molecular weight polysaccharides
• Chemical constituents: D – glucose, D – glucouronic acid and D -
mannose
• Uses: Binder, thickening agent – cosmetics
Preparation of antitartar toothpaste and sunscreen preparation
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Summary
• Bases – cosmetics – mixture of oils, fats and waxes
• Unctuous, fusible, viscous solid substances – waxy luster
• Esters – fatty acids – high molecular weight monohydric
alcohol – cetyl alcohol and cholesterol
• Hydrophobic or hydrophilic high molecular weight molecules
colloidal properties
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Thank You
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