MICROBIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
51. Thermal death time is
a. Time required to kill all cells at a given temperature
b. Temperature that kills all cells in a given time
c. Time and temperature needed to kill all cells
d. All of the above
52. Elek’s gel diffusion test is used for the detection of
a. Tetani toxin
b. Cholera toxin
c. Diophtheria toxin
d. Toxoid
53. Temperature required for pasteurization is
a. Above 150oC
b. Below 100oC
c. 110oC
d. Below 0oC
54. The method in which the cells are frozen dehydrated is called
a. Pasteurization
b. Dessication
c. Disinfection
d. Lypophilization
55. Treponema pallidum can be best indentified using
a. Fluorescence microscope
b. Bright field microscope
c. Dark field microscope
d. Flourescence microscope
56. Slow freezing requires the conditions
a. 0oC to 15oC for 15 min.
b. – 6 oC to – 10oC for 10 min.
c. – 15oC for 3 to 72 hrs.
d. None of these
57. Blood agar medium is
a. Enrichment medium
b. Enriched medium
c. Selective medium
d. Differential medium
58. Infrared radiation is a sterilization by?
a. Dry heat
b. Moist heat
c. Chemical method
d. Mechanical method
59. Phenol co-efficient indicates
a. Efficiency of a disinfectant
b. Dilution of a disinfectant
c. Purity of a disinfectant
d. Quantity of a disinfectant
60. Example for indicator medium is
a. Nutrient Agar
b. Nutrient broth
c. Wilson and Blair
d. Czapeck-dox medium
61. On Mac Conkey’s medium Esch. Coli forms
a. Colorless colonies
b. Greenish pigmentation
c. Pink coloured colonies
d. Medusa head appearance
62. First line of body defence is
a. Antibody molecules
b. Unbroken skin
c. Antigen molecules
d. Phagocytic cells
63. Antibody having high valency is
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgD
d. IgM
64. Active immunity is induced by
a. Infection
b. Placental transfer of antibodies
c. Injection of antibodies
d. Injection of gamma- globulins
65. DPT is given to children at the age of 16-24 months, as the dose is
a. 0.5 ml at intervals of 4 weeks
b. A booster dose of 0.5 ml
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
66. Vitamin E prevents
a. Formation of Vitamin D in Skin
b. Secretion of Superfluous enzymes
c. Keratinisation of epidermal cells
d. Absorption of harmful enzymes
67. The first person who discover vitamins was
a. Jenner
b. Funk
c. Calvin
d. Mellanby
68. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
a. Vitamin B3- Pellagra
b. Vitamin B12 – Pernicious anaemia
c. Vitamin C- scurvy
d. Vitamin B6 – Beriberi
69. What is the function of ATP?
a. message carrier
b. store and transport energy
c. make proteins
d. breakdown sugars
70. Which of the following molecules function as an intracellular message carriers?
a. cAMP
b. enzymes
c. glycogen
d. water
71. Which of the following types of molecules is found in genetic material?
a. cellulose
b. enzymes
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids
72. Richest source of B12
a. Chocolate and green grains
b. Rice and egg
c. Carrot and chicken beast
d. Goat liver and Spirulina
73. Which is the most common monosaccharide?
a. cellulose
b. glucose
c. triglycerides
d. starches
74. What structures are found in steroid molecules?
a. molecular rings
b. proteins
c. waxes
d. double helixes
75. What best describes phospholipid molecules?
a. their chemical formula is CH2O.n
b. they form cell membranes
c. they are proteins
d. they are ionic
76. Which of the following types of molecules is always found in virions?
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. RNA
77. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate is a precursor of which of the following?
I. Cholesterol
II. Farnesyl groups on proteins
III. Steroid hormones
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. I, II, and III
78. The urea cycle occurs in the
A. mitochondrion and cytoplasm
B. mitochondrion and lysosome
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi complex
79. Glycogen is converted to monosaccharide units by:
A. glucokinase.
B. glucose-6-phosphatase
C. glycogen phosphorylase.
D. glycogen synthase.
80. Which of the following is not an intermediate of the citric acid cycle?
A. Glyoxylate
B. Citrate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Succinyl-CoA
81. The length of DNA having 23 base pairs is
a. 78 Ao
b. 78.4 Ao
c. 78.2 Ao
d. 74.8 Ao
82. Z-DNA have a
a. Double helical nature
b. Zig-Zag apperarance
c. uracil base
d. single stranded nature
83. The length of one turn of DNA is
a. 3.4 Ao
b. 34 Ao
c. 20 Ao
d. 3.04 Ao
84. A nucleoside is composed of
a. a base + a sugar
b. a base + a sugar + phosphate
c. a base + a phosphate
d. none of these
85. Which one of the following statements is TRUE when a cell is kept in a hypotonic solution?
A. Water moves out of the cell
B. Size of the cell remains same
C. No movement of water takes place
D. Size of the cell increases
86. Which one of the following amino acids has a higher propensity for cis peptide bond formation?
A. Histidine
B. Cysteine
C. Glycine
D. Proline
87. In different types of tissue transplantations, the rate of graft rejection in decreasing order is
A. Isograft > Xenograft > Allograft
B. Allograft > Isograft > Xenograft
C. Xenograft > Autograft > Allograft
D. Xenograft > Allograft > Isograft
88. During the biosynthesis of urea in the urea cycle, the two nitrogen atoms are derived from
A. Two free ammonium groups
B. Free ammonium group and aspartate
C. Both nitrogen atoms are derived from arginine
D. One nitrogen atom is derived from citrulline and one from glutamate.
89.The preferred substrate for hexokinase is
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Glucose and fructose are equally preferred
d. None of these
90. Enzymes are chemically
a. Proteins
b. Proteins and nucleic acids
c. Proteins and rarely ribonucleic acids
d. Proteins and rarely carbohydrates
91. Which of the following amino acid is a ‘α-helix terminator’?
a. tryptophan
b. phenyl alnine
c. tyrosine
d. proline
92. Ribozymes are
a. enzymes with catalytic activity
b. RNAs with catalytic activity
c. proteins with catalytic activity
d. nucleic acids with catalytic activity
93. Chromatin is composed of
a. nucleic acids and protein
b. nucleic acids only
c. proteins only
d. none of these
94. Lactose is composed of
a. glucose + galactose
b. fructose+ galactose
c. glucose + fructose
d. glucose + glucose
95. A short length of DNA molecule has 80 thymine and 80 guanine bases. The total number of nucleotide in the DNA fragment is
a. 160
b. 40
c. 320
d. 640
96. The synthesis of glucose from fat is?
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs cycle
c. Saponification
d. Gluconeogenesis
97. β-oxidation takes place in
a. Mitochondria
b. cytoplasm
c. Chloroplasts
d. nucleus
98. High content of Triglycerides are seen in
a. LDLÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â b. HDL
c. VLDLÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â d. Chylomicrons
99. Which purine base is found in RNA?
a. Thymine
b. Uracil
c. Cytosine
d. Guanine
100. Secretory proteins are synthesized by
a. free ribosome
b. ribosomes on endoplasmic reticulum
c. ribosomes on nuclear membrane
d. all of the above
