Introduction to Pharmacognosy
1). Definition of pharmacognosy
2). History of pharmacognosy
3). Scope of pharmacognosy
4). Source of drugs
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Introduction to Pharmacognosy:
- 1). Difference between organised crude drug and unorganised crude drug
- 2). Difference between gum and mucilage
- 3). Dried juice
- 4). Latex
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RESIN AND COMBINATIONS
- 1). GENERAL PROPERTIES
- 2). CHEMICAL NATURE
- 3). CLASSIFICATION OF RESINS
- 4). BALSAMS
- 5). PREPARATION OF RESINS
- 6). CANNABIS
- 7). Diagnostic characters
- 8). PODOPHYLLUM
- 9). GINGER
- 10). Chemical constituents
- 11). CAPSICUM
- 12). BENZOIN
- 13). CHEMICAL TESTS
- 14). SIAM BENZOIN
- 15). COLOPHONY
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History and Scope of Pharmacognosy
- 1). History
- 3). Scope of Pharmacognosy in India
- 2). Present status and future prospects.
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PLANT TISSUECULTURE
1). introduction
2). Advantages / Disadvantage of tissue culture
3). Historical development of plant tissue culture
4). Basic requirements of Plant Tissue Culture
5). Basic Methodology/technique of Plant Tissue Culture
6). Types of Cultures
7). static culture (callus
culture)
8). suspension culture
9). cultivation of plant cells
10). Depending on the part used for culture
11). hairy / transformed roots(transinfection)
12). Isolation of Protoplasts is by two methods.
• Mechanical method
• Enzymatic method
13). Methods of Protoplast fusion
14). Limitations of Somatic
hybridization
15). Nutrient Media for Plant Tissue Cultures
16). fields of application
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Application of plant tissue culture
1). Edible vaccine
2). Why edible vaccine?
3). How to make an edible vaccine?
4). Factors affecting efficacy of Edible Vaccine
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Hallucinogens
1). Definition
2). Types of hallucinations
3). Varieties and other names
4). Forms of administraton
5). Sources of hallucinogens
• Natural Sources
• Synthetic or Man-made Sources
6). Adverse Effects of Hallucinogens
7). Forms of Hallucinogens
8). Medical Base Therapy
9). Inpatient / Outpatient Hallucinogenic Rehab
10). Psychotherapy andc counselling
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CARBOHYDRATES
1). Honey
2). Starch
3). Gaur Gum
4). Pectin
5). Tragacanth
6). Sodium Alginate
7). Agar
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Fibres
1). Introduction
2). Classification
3). Cotton
4). Hemp
5). Jute
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Evolution of drug
- 1). Definition, identity, purity, quantity
- 2). Method of evolution of drug
- • organolepti / morphological
- • microscopical
- • chemical
- • physical
- • biological
- 3). What is Adulteration
- 4). Methods of Adulteration
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Secondary metabolism in plant
- 1). Alkaloids
- 2). Tannins
- 3). Glycosides
- 4). Volatile oils
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TANNINS
1).Introduction
2). Properties
3). Use, importance
4). Classification of tannins
5). Tannin containing drug
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Alkaloids
1). NATURALLY OCCURRING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CONTAINING BASIC NITROGEN ATOMS 2). COMMON AMINO ACID PRECURSORS
3). CLASSIFICATION
• Pyridine- Piperidine
• Tropane
• Quinoline
• Isoquinoline
• Indole
• Imidazole
• Steroid
• Alkaloidal amines
• Purine
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Classification of crude drugs
1). Alphabetical classification
2). Morphological classification
3). Taxonomical classification
4). Pharmacological classification
5). Chemical classification
6). Chemo-taxonomical classification
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Adulteration and Evaluation of Crude drugs
1). Methods of adulteration of Crude Drugs
2). Commonly used substitutes in adulteration
3). Evaluation for determining adulterants
