Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Endocrine System – II important Question For One MarkÂ
True or False
1) Sex hormones are synthesised by the gonads.
2) The activity of sex hormones on target cells is regulated by the receptors.
3) Androgens are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.
4) Low estrogen in males results in unnecessary belly fat and lessens their sexual desire.
5) Progesterone is synthesised in huge quantities before ovulation.
6) Estetrol (E4) is the other type of estrogen that is formed after pregnancy.
7) Progesterone is orally inactive as it undergoes a high first-pass metabolism in liver.
8) Oxytocin is a peptide hormone.
Fill in the Blanks
9) _____________ are the group of hormones that mainly affect the growth and development of the male reproductive system.
10) ____________ is released by the interstitial (Leydig) cells.
11) ___________ are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.
12) ________ is an organ of immense importance in the reproductive phase of mammals.
13) ___________ is a non-peptide hormone synthesised by the paraventricular cells of hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary.
14) ________________are used for suppressing premature labour.
15) _________ (a peptide analogue of oxytocin) acts as an antagonist at the oxytocin receptors
16) __________ is an efficient uterine relaxant which is used as an anaesthetic when external or internal use is preferred.
17) ____________ is orally inactive as it undergoes a high first-pass metabolism in liver.
Answers
1) True 2) True 3) False 4) True 5) False 6) False 7) True 8) False 9) Androgens 10) Testosterone 11) Anabolic steroids 12) Uterus 13) Oxytocin 14) Uterine relaxants 15) Atosiban 16) Halothane 17) Progesterone
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Important Summary For one mark Question
1) Sex hormones are synthesised by the gonads.
2) The activity of sex hormones on target cells is regulated by the receptors.
3) Testosterone is a sex hormone, responsible for sexu al and reproductive growth in males.
4) Androgens are the group of hormones that mainly affect the growth and development of the male reproductive system.
5) The production of male hormones and sperm is controlled by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.
6) Testosterone is released by the interstitial (Leydig) cells of the testes through the effect of pulsatile secretion of LH from pituitary.
7) Testosterone is well -absorbed on oral administration, and is mostly inactivated by the liver; therefore, it is therapeutically useless.
8) Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone with more anabolic activity and less androgenic activity.
9) Estrogen is synthesised by the ovaries, body fat (in small amounts), and adrenal gland.
10) Progesterone is synthesised in huge quantities during and after ovulation.
11) Estetrol (E4) is the other type of estrogen that is formed during pregnancy.
12) Estrogens are mainly produced by the ovaries in their theca interna cells.
13) Low estrogen in males results in unnecessary belly fat and lessens their sexual desire.
14) High estrogen in males causes enlarged breasts (gynecomastia), poor erections, and infertility
15) Progesterone is orally inactive as it undergoes a high first -pass metabolism in liver.
16) Uterus is an organ of immense importance in the repro ductive phase of mammals, and can go through many significant changes.
17) Uterine stimulants are medications which are administered for causing contractions in the uterus, or for increasing the frequency and intensity of the contractions.
18) Oxytocin is a non-peptide hormone synthesised by the paraventricular cells of hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary.
19) Prostaglandins are not released by any glands to be transported through blood and act on particular body zones.
20) Prostaglandins are available in many tissues and organs, and are synthesised by nearly all the nucleated cells.
21) Uterine relaxants (or anti-contraction medications ) are used for suppressing premature labour.
22) Magnesium sulphate is administered through intravenous infusion for controlling convulsions and reducing blood pressure in toxaemia of pregnancy .
23) Atosiban (a peptide analogue of oxytocin) acts as an antagonist at the oxytocin receptors
24) Halothane is an efficient uterine relaxant which is used as an anaesthetic when external or internal use is preferred.