PHARMACOLOGY
1. in the autonomic regulation of Blood pressure?
(a) Cardiac output is maintained constant at the expense of other hemodynamic variables
(b) Elevation of blood pressure results in elevated aldosterone secretion
(c) Baroreceptor nerve fibers decrease firing rate when arterial pressure increases
(d) Stroke volume and mean arterial blood pressure are the primary direct determinants
2. Several children at a summer camp were hospitalized with symptoms thought to be due to ingestion of food containingbotulinum toxins. The effects of botulinum toxin are likely to include
(a) Bronchospasm
(b) Cycloplegia
(c) Diarrhea
(d) Skeletal muscle spasms
3. The autonomic nervous system is also known as
(a) Visceral
(b) Vegetative
(c) Involuntary nervous system
(d) All of the above
4. The neurotransmitter agent that is normally released in the sinoatrial node of the heart in response to a blood pressure increase is
(a) Acetylcholine
(c) Epinephrine
(b) Dopamine
(d) Glutamate
5. A direct-acting cholinomimetic that is Lipid-soluble and often used in the Treatment of glaucoma is
(a) Acetylcholine
(b) Bethanechol
(c) Physostigmine
(d) Pilocarpine
6. Full activation of the sympathetic nervous system, as in maximal exercise, can produce all of the following responses except
(a) Bronchial relaxation
(b) Increased renal blood flow
(c) Mydriasis
(d) Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
7. Which of the following agents is a pro-drug that is much less toxic in mammals than in insects?
(a) Acetylcholine
(b) Physostigmine
(c) Neostigmine
(d) Bethanechol
8. Atropine overdose may cause which one of the following
(a) Gastrointestinal smooth muscle crampine
(b) Increased cardiac rate
(c) Increased gastric secretion
(d) Pupillary constriction
9. The synaptic pre-ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the lateral horn of the grey matter of the?
(a) Thoracic segment only
(b) Lumbar segment only
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
10. Which one of the following can be Blocked by atropine?
(a) Decreased blood pressure caused by hexamethonium
(b) Increased blood pressure caused by nicotine
(c) Increased skeleton muscle strength caused by neostigmine
(d) Tachycardia caused by infusion of acetylcholine
11. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of scopolamine?
(a) Irreversible antagonist at nicotinic receptors
(b) Irreversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors
(c) Physiologic antagonist at muscarinic receptors
(d) Reversible antagonist at muscarinic receptors
12. Accepted therapeutic indications for the use of antimuscarinic drugs include all of the following except
(a) Hypertension
(b) Motion sickness
(c) Parkinson’s disease
(d) Postoperative bladder spasm
13. In male sex organs _______ system is responsible for erection.
(a) Sympathetic
(b) Parasympathetic
(c) Norepinephrine
(d) None of the above
14. A 7-years-old boy has a significant bed-wetting problem. A long-acting indirect Sympathomimetic agent sometimes used by the oral route for this & other indications is
(a) Dobutamine
(b) Ephedrine
(c) Epinephrine
(d) Isoproterenol
15. When pupillary dilation-but not cycloplegia-is desired, a good choice is
(a) Homatropine
(b) Isoproterenol
(c) Phenylephrine
(d) Pilocarpine
16. ‘Fight or flight’ state can be described as
(a) Sympathetic active; para-sympathetic quiescent
(b) Sympathetic active; para-sympathetic active
(c) Sympathetic quiescent; para sympathetic active
(d) None of this
17. Your patient is to receive a selective 2 stimulant drug 2 selective stimulant are often effective in
(a) Angina due to coronary insufficiency
(b) Asthma & Chronic heart failure
(c) Delayed or insufficiently strong labor
(d) All of the above
18. Which of the following drugs is the drug of choice in anaphylaxis associated with bronchospasm and hypotension?
(a) Cortisone
(b) Epinephrine
(c) Isoproterenol
(d) Norepinephrine
19. Which of the following effects of epinephrine would be blocked by phentolamine but not by metoprolol?
(a) Cardiac stimulation
(b) Contractionof radial smooth muscle in the iris
(c) Increase of camp in fat
(d) Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
20. Propranolol is useful in all of these,except
(a) Angina
(b) Familial tremor
(c) Hypertension
(d) Partial atrioverntricular heart block
21. ‘Rest and digest’ state can be described as
(a) Sympathetic active; parasympathetic quiescent
(b) Sympathetic active; parasympathetic active
(c) Sympathetic quiescent; parasympathetic active
(d) Sympathetic quiescent; para-sympathetic quiescent
22. A friend has very severe hypertension and asks about a drug her doctor wishes to prescribe. Her physician has explained that this drug is associated with tachycardia and fluid retention (which may be marked) and increased hair growth. Which of the following is most likely to produce the effects that your friend has described?
(a) Captopril
(b) Guanethidine
(c) Minoxidil
(d) Prazosin
23. Which one of the following is characteristic of captopril and enalapril?
(a) Competitively blocks angiotensim II at its receptor
(b) Decreases angiotensin II concentration in the blood
(c) Decreases rennin concentration in the blood
(d) Increases sodium and decreases potassium in the blood
24. Postural hypotension is a common adverse effect of which one of the following types of drugs?
(a) ACE inhibitors
(b) Alpha-receptor blockers
(c) Arteriolar dilators
(d) All of the above
25. A visitor from another city comes to your office complaining of incessant cough. He has diabetes and hypertension and has recently started taking a different antihypertensive medication. The most likely cause of his cough is?
(a) Enalapril
(b) Losartan
(c) Minoxidil
(d) Verapamil
26. Reserprine, an alkaloid derived from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina
(a) Can be used to control hyperglycemia
(b) Can cause severe depression of mood
(c) Can decrease gastrointestinal secretion and motility
(d) Has no cardiac effects
27. Nitroglycerin, either directly or through reflexes, results in which one of the following effects
(a) Decreased heart rate
(b) Decreased venous capacitance
(c) Increased afterload
(d) Increased cardiac force
28. The antianginal effect of propranolol may be attributed to which one of these?
(a) Block of exercise – induced tachycardia
(b) Increased resting heart rate
(c) Dilation of consticted coronary vessels
(d) Increased cardiac force
29. The major common determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption is
(a) Blood volume
(b) Cardiac output
(c) Diastolic blood pressure
(d) Myocardial fiber tension
30. Choose the incorrect statement
(a) Sympathetic system increases rate of SA node
(b) Sympathetic system causes constriction of coronary arteries
(c) Sympathetic system causes increased motility of GIT smooth muscles
(d) Sympathetic system causes constriction of sphincter in GIT
31. Denervation super-sensitivity includes
(a) Proliferation of receptors
(b) Loss of mechanism for transmitter removal
(c) Increased post-junctional responsiveness
(d) All of the above
32. Which of the following is approved for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke?
(a) Amyl nitrite
(b) Hydralazine
(c) Isosorbide moninitrate
(d) Nimodipine
33. Which of these drugs used for the treatment of angina by inhalation has a very rapid onset and a brief duration of effect?
(a) Amyl nitrite
(b) Hydralazine
(c) Isosorbide mononitrate
(d) Nifedipine
34. Which of the following is a vasodilator drug used for hypertension that lacks a direct effect on autonomic receptors but may provoke angina attacks?
(a) Amyl nitrite
(b) Hydralazine
(c) Isosorbide mononitrate
(d) Nifedipine
35. The biochemical mechanism of action of digitalis is associated with
(a) A decrease in calcium uptake by the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(b) An increase in ATP synthesis
(c) A modification of the actin molecule
(d) An increase in systolic intracellular calcium levels
36. A patient has been taking digoxin for Several years for chronic heart failure is About to receive atropine for another Condition. A common effect of digoxin (at therapeutic blood levels) that can be Almost entirely blocked by atropine is
(a) Decreased appetite
(b) Increased atrial contractility
(c) Increased PR interval on the ECG
(d) Headaches
37. In a patient given a cardiac glycoside, important effects of the drug on the heart include which of the following?
(a) Decreased atrioventricular conduction Velocity
(b) Decreased ejection time
(c) Increased ectopic automaticity
(d) All of the above
38. Which of these situations constitutes an added risk of digoxin toxicity?
(a) Starting administration of captopril
(b) Starting administration of quinidine
(c) Hyperkalemia
(d) Hypermagnesemia
39. at rest, the interior of the typical Mammalian neuronal axon potential is Approximately ________ mV
(a) 0.00
(b) –70
(c) –100
(d) –20
40. Following enzyme is involved in the Synthesis of acetylcholine?
(a) Choline acetyl transferase
(b) Acetyl cholinesterase
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
41. Which of the following has been shown to prolong life in patient with chronic congestive failure but has a negative inotropic effect on cardiac contractility?
(a) Carvedilol
(b) Digitoxin
(c) Digoxin
(d) Dobutamine
42. Which of these is the drug of choice in treating suicidal overdose of digitoxin?
(a) Digoxin antibodies
(b) Magnesium
(c) Potassium
(d) Nifedipine
43. When used as an antiarrhythmic drug, Lidocaine typically
(a) Increases action potential duration
(b) Increases contractility
(c) Increses PR interval
(d) Reduces abnormal automaticity
44. A 16-year-old-girl is found to have Paroxysmal attacks of rapid heart rate. The antiarrhythmic of choice in most cases of acute AV nodal tachycardia is
(a) Adenosine
(b) Amiodarone
(c) Flecainide
(d) Propranolol
45. Recognized adverse effects of quinidine include which one of the following?
(a) Cinchonism
(b) Constipation
(c) Lupus erythematosus
(d) Precipitation of hyperthyroidism
46. Following is an antagonist of ganglion type nicotinic receptors
(a) Tubercurarine
(b) Bungarotoxin
(c) Trimethaphan
(d) All of the above
47. Which of the following is an orally active drug that blocks sodium channels and decreases action potential duration?
(a) Adenosine
(b) Amiodarone
(c) Disopyramide
(d) Mexiletine
48. Which of the following has the longest half-life of all antiarrhythmic drugs?
(a) Adenosine
(b) Amiodarone
(c) Disopyramide
(d) Esmolol
49. Which of the following diuretics would be most useful in a patient with cerebral edema?
(a) Acetazolamide
(b) Amiloride
(c) Ethacrynic acid
(d) Mannitol
50. Which of the following therapies would be most useful in the management of severe hypercalcemia?
(a) Amiloride plus saline infusion
(b) Furosemide plus saline infusion
(c) Hydrochlorothiazide plus saline infusion
(d) Mannitol plus saline infusion
Answers
