Description
Subject:- herbal drug Technology
Semester:- 6th sem
Course:- Bachelor of Pharmacy B Pharmacy
• Subject Code: BP603T
Subject Title: Herbal Drug Technology
Contents
• Preservatives
• Antioxidants
• Perfumes
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Raw Materials - Preservatives
• At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:
– Identify suitable raw materials for preparing herbal
cosmetics
– Explain the various preservatives available for formulating
herbal cosmetics
– Explain the various antioxidants available for formulating
herbal cosmetics
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Preservatives
• Preservative - “any substances which are exclusively or mainly
intended to inhibit the development of microorganisms in the
cosmetic product”.
• Preservatives help to preserve the formula and ensure the
durability of your cosmetic products.
• They are essential for a formula containing water. Indeed, the
presence of water in a formula creates a favorable environment for
microorganisms development.
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Preservatives
• Used in cosmetics is essential to prevent alterations caused by
microorganisms and contamination during formulation, shipment,
storage or consumer use.
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Synthetic Preservatives
Advantages
Using synthetic preservatives allows you to have a good
understanding of the safety and toxicity profile of the ingredient.
Low concentrations of synthetic preservatives effectively preserve
the product.
• Synthetic preservatives have a broad spectrum of activity against
bacteria and fungi.
• They are more affordable than natural preservatives.
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Organohalogen compounds
Organohalogen compounds are a large class of natural and synthetic
chemical that contain at least one following halogens: fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, iodine.
• Triclosan
• Methylisothiazolinone
• Methylchloroisothiazolinone
• Chlorphenesin
• Chloroxylenol
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Aldehyde and Glycol ethers
• Formaldehyde
• Benzylhemiformal
• Diazolidinyl urea
• Imidazolidinyl urea
• 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
• DMDM hydantoin
• MDM hydantoin
• phenoxyethanol
• 2-butoxyethanol
• 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol
• 2-(2-ethoxy)-ethanol
• Benzylhemiformal
• Diazolidinyl urea
• Imidazolidinyl urea
• 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
• DMDM hydantoin
• MDM hydantoin
• phenoxyethanol
• 2-butoxyethanol
• 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol
• 2-(2-ethoxy)-ethanol
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Parabens
• Parabens are a series of parahydroxybenzoates or esters of
parahydroxybenzoic acid. They are known as preservatives and
used for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties.
• Methylparaben
• Ethylparaben
• Propylparaben
• Butylparaben
• Isobutylparaben
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Natural preservatives
• List of the most common natural preservatives found in cosmetic
products
• Benzoic Acid
• Sorbic Acid
• Salicylic Acid
• Alcohol
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Antioxidant preservatives
• An antioxidant is a substance that inhibits oxidation or reactions
promoted by oxygen, peroxides or free radicals.
Synthetic antioxidant
• Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
• Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Natural antioxidant
• Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
• Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
• Polyphenols
• Flavonoids
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
• Cosmetics – prone to spoilage – oxidation of fats, fatty acids and
other organic material by atmospheric oxygen
• Antioxidants – keeps oils and fats from rancid
• Concentration – 0.02% - 0.1%
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
Ideal characters
• Stable
• Effective over a wide PH range
• Colorless and odorless
• Non toxic
• Compatible – other ingredients and packaging material
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
Phenolic antioxidants
1. Vitamin E
• Natural antioxidant – topically applied –UV radiation
• Shown to reduce – erythema, edema and sun burn
• Increase SPF - antiageing effect
2. Gallate – Methyl, ethyl, propyl, octyl gallate
3. BHA – Butyrated hydroxy anisole
4. BHT – Butyrated hydroxy toulene
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
BHA and BHT
• Neutalise fee oxygen radicals
• Prevent auto oxidation of organic materials – rancidity of fats and
oils
• Extend - product shelf life
• Effective with EDTA
• Concentration – 0.01 – 0.1%
• Preserve and stabilize – creams, lotions, shampoos, make ups and
sunscreen lotions
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
Non - Phenolic antioxidants
1. Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid
• Protects skin – oxidative damage – UV rays
• Anti ageing property – avoids hyper pigmentation
• Anti inflammatory
• Effect is increased with Vitamin C and E
• Concentration – 0.2 – 4 %
• Used - lotions, creams, sun protection products, shampoos and
lipsticks
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
2. Lecithin – Synergist – phenolic antioxidant
3. Coenzyme Q 10
• Benzoquinone compound – plant and human tissues
• Membranes of endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, vesicles, inner
membrane of mitochondria
• Because of ability to transfer electron – antioxidant
• Concentration – 2-6%
• Anti wrinkle property
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Raw materials – Antioxidants
4. Grape seed extract
• Proanthocyanidins
5. Pine bark extract
• Pyenogenol -wine, cranberries, green and black tea, black currant
onions
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Raw materials – Perfumes
• Per – through, Fumum – smoke
• Early perfumes – pleasant smells – burning wood and grass
• Component - impart fragrance – cosmetic products
• Used - products – bath salt to skin lotions, face creams, sprays,
shampoos and aromatic substances
• Level of fragrances – varies – product to product
• Face creams – 0.01% fragrance/weight
• Soap – 0.5% - 3%
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Raw materials – Perfumes
Classified
• Ottos – concentrated principle – natural flowers
• Floral oils –Rose, jasmine, broom, gardenia, orchid
• Essential oils – Eucalyptus, peppermint, mint, citrus, vetver oil,
clove, lemon and coriander oil
• Dipropylene glycol
• Benzaldehyde
• Benzophenone
• Benzyl benzoate
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Summary
• Used in cosmetics is essential to prevent alterations caused
by microorganisms and contamination during formulation,
shipment, storage or consumer use.
• Antioxidants – keeps oils and fats from rancid
