Chapter 3. Transformers 1. The primary and secondary of a transformer are ________ coupled but _______ connected.(a) magnetically, not electrically(b) electrically, not magnetically(c) magnetically, also...
2.3 DRUG INTERACTIONS (PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC) When more than one drug is administered to a patient, then there is a possibility of interaction between their...
Pharmacovigilance         Pharmacovigilance is defined as, “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention...
DRUG DISCOVERY AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NEW DRUGS 1. Drug Discovery Discovery of a new drug involves an elaborate process. It starts with synthesis of...
Dose-Response Relationship (DRR) When the relation between drug dose (X-axis) and drug response (Y-axis) is plotted on a linear scale, the resulting curve is usually...
JAK-STAT Binding Receptor Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of intracellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinases which transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway. They were initially...
Ion-channel Receptors Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins which allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential,...
G-protein Coupled Receptors G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome. It is one of the richest sources...
Signal Transduction Mechanisms Signal transduction is the process in which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular...
Drug-Receptor Interaction The idea that drug molecules interact at specific sites in the body is a relatively old concept. However, proof of the receptor concept...
Classification of Receptors Receptors are glycoproteins located in cell membranes which specifically recognise and bind to ligands/drugs. Drugs are smaller molecules which are capable of...